The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution
The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution
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DOI：
10.1029/2018ms001603
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Zhu, Qing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Golaz, Jean-Christophe;Caldwell, Peter M.;Zhu, Qing
这项工作记录了美国能源部 (DOE) 新能源百兆亿级地球系统模型 (E3SMv1) 的第一个版本。我们专注于完全耦合物理模型的标准分辨率，旨在解决能源部任务相关的水循环问题。其组成部分包括大气和陆地（网格间距 110 公里）、海洋和海冰（中纬度 60 公里，赤道和两极 30 公里）以及河流运输（55 公里）模型。该基本配置还将作为其他配置的基础，探索更高的水平分辨率以及生物地球化学和冰冻圈配置形式的增强功能。 E3SMv1 的性能通过一套标准的耦合模型比对项目第 6 阶段 (CMIP6) 诊断、评估和 Klima 模拟表征进行评估，其中包括长期的工业化前控制、历史模拟（完全耦合和规定的 SST 的集合）以及理想化的 CO2 强迫模拟。尽管模拟的大西洋经向翻转环流比许多 CMIP 级模型弱，但该模型总体表现良好，具有其他 CMIP 级模型的典型偏差。虽然 E3SMv1 历史集合捕获了工业化前 (1850 年) 和当今之间观测到的大部分变暖，但变暖的轨迹与二十世纪下半叶的观测结果不同，有一段延迟变暖的时期，随后出现过度变暖的趋势。使用两层能量平衡模型，我们将这种差异归因于该模型与气溶胶相关的强有效辐射强迫（ERFari+aci = -1.65 W/m(2)）和高平衡气候敏感性（ECS = 5.3 K）。
This work documents the first version of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully coupled physical model designed to address DOE mission-relevant water cycle questions. Its components include atmosphere and land (110-km grid spacing), ocean and sea ice (60 km in the midlatitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles), and river transport (55 km) models. This base configuration will also serve as a foundation for additional configurations exploring higher horizontal resolution as well as augmented capabilities in the form of biogeochemistry and cryosphere configurations. The performance of E3SMv1 is evaluated by means of a standard set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations consisting of a long preindustrial control, historical simulations (ensembles of fully coupled and prescribed SSTs) as well as idealized CO2 forcing simulations. The model performs well overall with biases typical of other CMIP-class models, although the simulated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is weaker than many CMIP-class models. While the E3SMv1 historical ensemble captures the bulk of the observed warming between preindustrial (1850) and present day, the trajectory of the warming diverges from observations in the second half of the twentieth century with a period of delayed warming followed by an excessive warming trend. Using a two-layer energy balance model, we attribute this divergence to the model's strong aerosol-related effective radiative forcing (ERFari+aci = -1.65 W/m(2)) and high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS = 5.3 K).