The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.
The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nrm3949
复制
发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Glass CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heinz S;Romanoski CE;Benner C;Glass CK
人体包含数百种细胞类型，都具有相同的基因组。在后生动物中，驱动细胞类型特异性基因表达的大部分调节代码位于称为增强子的远端元件中。增强子被称为转录因子的蛋白质激活，转录因子结合特定的DNA基序并招募辅助调节因子以最终激活转录。虽然人类基因组包含数百万个潜在的增强子，但只有一小部分在给定的细胞类型中具有活性。活性增强子的密集间隔簇，称为超级增强子，与指定细胞身份和功能的基因的表达相关。在基因组规模上，增强子的功能受高级染色质结构和核组织的影响，并反过来影响高级染色质结构和核组织。
The human body contains several hundred cell types, all with the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression resides in distal elements called enhancers. Enhancers are activated by proteins called transcription factors that bind specific DNA motifs and recruit co-regulators to ultimately activate transcription. While the human genome contains millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Densely spaced clusters of active enhancers, referred to as super-enhancers, are associated with the expression of genes that specify cell identity and function. On a genomic scale, the function of enhancers is influenced by, and in turn affects higher-order chromatin structure and nuclear organization.