SEX-BIASED HARVESTING AND POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN UNGULATES - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE
SEX-BIASED HARVESTING AND POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN UNGULATES - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010157.x
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
MILNERGULLAND, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GINSBERG, JR;MILNERGULLAND, EJ
野生动物的消费利用，特别是战利品狩猎和有蹄类动物的狩猎牧场，一直被提倡作为非洲保护的一种工具。我们表明，这些收获方法与自然捕食有很大不同，战利品狩猎对成年雄性表现出极端的选择，而狩猎牧场导致年轻雄性的不成比例的收获。关于这些采收制度对有蹄类种群的长期种群动态的影响，无论是理论的还是经验的资料都很少。尽管如此，性别倾斜的收成的潜在影响还是很多的。在本文中，我们研究了性别倾斜收获的一个潜在有害影响。理论和实验数据都表明，雄性有蹄类动物使雌性受精的绝对能力是有限的。利用莱斯利矩阵模型和已发表的黑斑羚数据，我们发现精子数量的限制和高度雄性偏倚的性别比例之间的相互作用会导致雌性繁殖力（定义为幼崽的数量）的大大降低和种群的崩溃。这些结果是可靠的，并表明目前的收获方法可能不是最佳的，或者从长远来看是可行的。
The consumptive use of wildlife, in particular trophy bunting and game ranching of ungulates, has been advocated as a tool for conservation in Africa We show that these methods of harvesting differ significantly from natural predation, with trophy bunting showing extreme selection for adult males and game ranching leading to disproportionate harvests of young males. Little information, either theoretical or empirical, exists concerning the effect of these harvesting regimes on the long-term population dynamics of ungulate populations. Despite that, the potential effects of sex-skewed harvests are numerous. In this paper, we investigate one potentially deleterious effect of sex-skewed harvests. Both theory and experimental data suggest that male ungulates are limited in their absolute ability to inseminate females. Using a Leslie-Matrix model and published data on impala, we show that the interaction between sperm limitation and harvests with highly male-biased sex ratios can lead to greatly reduced female fecundity (defined as the number of young born) and population collapse. These results are robust and suggest that present methods of harvesting may not be optimal, or viable, in the long term.