Quantum versus classical foundation of statistical mechanics under experimentally realistic conditions.

Quantum versus classical foundation of statistical mechanics under experimentally realistic conditions.
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实验现实条件下统计力学的量子与经典基础

DOI:
10.1103/physreve.88.052114
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
M. Evstigneev
M. Evstigneev
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
P. Reimann;M. Evstigneev

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聚焦于孤立的宏观系统,用量子力学或经典模型来描述,我们的两个关键问题是初始系综(通常远离平衡,并且在很大程度上细节未知)向稳定的长时间行为(平衡)演化多远,以及这个稳定状态与统计力学预测的微正则系综(热化)有多远。一个最近开发的量子力学处理的问题进行了简要的总结,特别强调的现实建模的实验测量和非平衡初始条件。在这个框架内,平衡可以在关于这些测量和初始条件的非常弱的假设下得到证明,而热化仍然需要相当强的额外假设。一个类似的方法在经典力学的框架内开发和量子的情况下相比。特别是,保证经典平衡的假设现在相当强,而热化则在相对较弱的附加条件下进行。
Focusing on isolated macroscopic systems, described in terms of either a quantum mechanical or a classical model, our two key questions are how far does an initial ensemble (usually far from equilibrium and largely unknown in detail) evolve towards a stationary long-time behavior (equilibration) and how far is this steady state in agreement with the microcanonical ensemble as predicted by statistical mechanics (thermalization). A recently developed quantum mechanical treatment of the problem is briefly summarized, putting particular emphasis on the realistic modeling of experimental measurements and nonequilibrium initial conditions. Within this framework, equilibration can be proven under very weak assumptions about those measurements and initial conditions, while thermalization still requires quite strong additional hypotheses. An analogous approach within the framework of classical mechanics is developed and compared with the quantum case. In particular, the assumptions to guarantee classical equilibration are now rather strong, while thermalization then follows under relatively weak additional conditions.
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