Degrees of legitimacy: Ensuring internal and external support in the absence of recognition
Degrees of legitimacy: Ensuring internal and external support in the absence of recognition
复制标题
合法性程度：在缺乏认可的情况下确保内部和外部支持
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.10.003
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Nina Caspersen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nina Caspersen
未被承认的国家，如阿布哈兹、纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫、北塞浦路斯、索马里兰和德涅斯特河沿岸，被拒绝(广泛)国际承认，因此往往被国际社会视为非法实体。这是尽管最近的学术文献拒绝了主权的二元概念，并证明了非国家行为者可以进行的不同程度的国际参与，以及在没有(外部)主权的情况下可以实现的国家地位和合法性程度。本文以这一文献为起点，基于对非承认背景下现有合法性研究方法的重新概念化，分析了未被承认国家所采取的合法化策略及其对其内部和外部合法性程度的影响。根据几个案例研究的证据，它发现不同形式的合法性之间往往存在令人担忧的关系。如果不被承认的国家要生存下去，外部和内部合法性都至关重要，但在没有得到承认和试图获得外部支持的情况下，外部合法性总是有问题的，而且试图获得外部支持有可能破坏已取得的内部合法性。确保内部合法性的战略同样会破坏争取外部支持的努力。这些紧张关系既影响到这些实体的治理类型，也影响到它们的生存能力。
Unrecognised states, such as Abkhazia, Nagorno Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, Somaliland and Transnistria are denied (widespread) international recognition, and have therefore tended to be viewed as illegitimate entities by the international community. This is despite much recent academic literature which has rejected binary conceptions of sovereignty and has demonstrated both the varying levels of international engagement available to non-state actors and the degrees of statehood and legitimacy that can be achieved without (external) sovereignty. Taking this literature as its starting point, but based on a reconceptualization of existing approaches to legitimacy in the context of non-recognition, this article analyses legitimation strategies adopted by unrecognised states and how these affect their degree of internal and external legitimacy. Drawing on evidence from several case studies, it finds that there is often a fraught relationship between different forms of legitimacy. Both external and internal legitimacy are crucial if unrecognised states are to survive, but external legitimacy is always problematic in the absence of recognition and attempts to garner external support risk undermining the internal legitimacy achieved. Strategies for ensuring internal legitimacy can similarly undermine attempts to achieve external support. These tensions affect both the type of governance found in these entities and their ability to survive.
玩识别游戏：外部参与者和事实上的国家
DOI：
10.1080/03932720903351146
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
The International Spectator
影响因子：
--
作者：
Caspersen N
通讯作者：
Caspersen N
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bakke K
通讯作者：
Bakke K