Maternal Infant Monitoring in a Free-ranging Group of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Maternal Infant Monitoring in a Free-ranging Group of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-010-9462-y
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
K. Onishi;M. Nakamichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Onishi;M. Nakamichi
在非人类灵长类动物中，有婴儿的雌性动物会从远处观察婴儿，以发现并避免对婴儿的潜在威胁。我们记录了母亲的视觉监测的婴儿（婴儿监测）年龄7-18周的自由放养，供应组的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）。婴儿监测率随着婴儿的周龄而下降，当婴儿不在母亲的接触范围内时，婴儿监测率则上升，这表明婴儿监测反映了婴儿的脆弱性。当婴儿由其他小组成员处理时，有婴儿的女性会增加婴儿监测，但当婴儿单独移动时则不会。这表明，在本研究的条件下，组内威胁（骚扰/处理不当或绑架）比外部威胁（捕食或杀害）对婴儿监控有相对更强的影响。婴儿监测中/低级别的女性比高级别的女性，当他们的婴儿由其他人处理。这可能反映了更大的组内威胁的婴儿中/低级别的女性，但是，需要进一步的研究来证实这一点。在重要的活动（喂养或梳理），婴儿的监控率低于其他活动（休息或自我导向行为）。然而，即使在重要的活动中，有婴儿的女性在处理婴儿时也会增加婴儿监测。这表明，有婴儿的女性面临着婴儿监测和其他重要活动之间的权衡，即使女性不得不减少花在重要活动上的时间，当婴儿面临更大的潜在群体内威胁时，她们会增加婴儿监测。
In nonhuman primates, females with infants visually monitor their infants from a distance to detect and consequently avoid potential threats to their infants. We recorded maternal visual monitoring of infants (infant monitoring) ages 7–18 wk in a free-ranging, provisioned group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). The infant monitoring rate declined as a function of infants’ ages in weeks and increased when the infants were beyond their mother’s reach, indicating that infant monitoring reflects the vulnerability of infants. Females with infants increased infant monitoring when their infants were handled by other group members but not when their infants moved alone. This suggests that intragroup threats (harassment/mishandling or kidnapping) have a relatively stronger influence on infant monitoring than external threats (predation or infanticide) under the condition of this study. Infant monitoring of middle-/low-ranking females was more frequent than that of high-ranking females when their infants were handled by other individuals. This may reflect greater intragroup threats to infants of middle-/low-ranking females; however, further study is needed to confirm this. During important activities (feeding or grooming), the infant monitoring rate was lower than that during other activities (resting or self-directed behavior). However, even during important activities, females with infants increased infant monitoring when infants were handled. This indicates that females with infants face a trade-off between infant monitoring and other important activities, and even if females have to reduce the time spent on important activities, they increase infant monitoring when their infants face greater potential intragroup threats.