Enantiomeric Discrimination in Insects: The Role of OBPs and ORs.
Enantiomeric Discrimination in Insects: The Role of OBPs and ORs.
复制标题
作者：
昆虫使用嗅觉，即，他们的嗅觉，检测气味，引起行为反应，与结构相似的化合物引起不同的反应。特异性识别蛋白的作用，即，气味结合蛋白（OBP）和气味受体（OR），位于昆虫触角中，在区分结构相似的化合物中的作用还没有完全了解。在这里，我们探讨了目前的研究，了解OBP和OR的作用，在区分对映体的镜像结构，在昆虫化学生态学和化学感知。嗅觉是一个复杂的识别过程，对昆虫的化学通讯至关重要。虽然一些昆虫物种能够区分结构相似的化合物，但人们对这种高水平的区分是如何产生的知之甚少。一些昆虫依赖于区分化合物的对映体，表现出高度选择性识别的能力。两种主要的外周嗅觉蛋白在昆虫嗅觉中的作用，气味结合蛋白（OBP）和气味受体（OR）已经被广泛研究。OBP和OR具有可变的辨别能力，其中一些被发现显示高度专门化的结合能力，而另一些则显示混杂的结合活性。更深入地了解气味-蛋白质相互作用如何诱导昆虫的反应依赖于进一步的分析，如结构研究。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了OBP和OR在高度特异性识别，特别是对映体歧视的潜在作用。我们总结了OBP和OR功能的研究现状，并重点介绍了文献中报道的这些蛋白质明确的对映体歧视的例子。
Insects use olfaction, i.e., their sense of smell, to detect odors that elicit behavioral responses, with structurally similar compounds eliciting different responses. The roles of specific recognition proteins, i.e., odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs), located in insect antennae, in discriminating between structurally similar compounds are not fully understood. Here, we explore current research in understanding the role of OBPs and ORs in discriminating between enantiomers—mirror image structures—in insect chemical ecology and chemoperception. Olfaction is a complex recognition process that is critical for chemical communication in insects. Though some insect species are capable of discrimination between compounds that are structurally similar, little is understood about how this high level of discrimination arises. Some insects rely on discriminating between enantiomers of a compound, demonstrating an ability for highly selective recognition. The role of two major peripheral olfactory proteins in insect olfaction, i.e., odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs) has been extensively studied. OBPs and ORs have variable discrimination capabilities, with some found to display highly specialized binding capability, whilst others exhibit promiscuous binding activity. A deeper understanding of how odorant-protein interactions induce a response in an insect relies on further analysis such as structural studies. In this review, we explore the potential role of OBPs and ORs in highly specific recognition, specifically enantiomeric discrimination. We summarize the state of research into OBP and OR function and focus on reported examples in the literature of clear enantiomeric discrimination by these proteins.