Estimating the Meridional Extent of Adiabatic Mixing in the Stratosphere Using Age‐Of‐Air

Estimating the Meridional Extent of Adiabatic Mixing in the Stratosphere Using Age‐Of‐Air
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使用空气年龄估计平流层绝热混合的经向范围

DOI:
10.1029/2022jd037712
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kinnison, Douglas E.
Kinnison, Douglas E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gupta, Aman;Linz, Marianna;Curbelo, Jezabel;Pauluis, Olivier;Gerber, Edwin P.;Kinnison, Douglas E.

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冬季中纬度地区的波诱导绝热混合是影响平流层输送的关键过程之一。了解其强度和结构对于了解微量气体的分布及其在不断变化的气候下的变化至关重要。空气年龄通常被用来理解平流层输送,这项研究对Linz等人的垂直年龄梯度理论提出了改进。(2021年),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035199.该理论假设了混合良好的热带和混合良好的温带之间的空气交换,由传输屏障隔开,使用基于年龄的测量方法来量化界面上的绝热混合通量。这些假设被重新评估,并建立了一个包括经向示踪剂梯度影响的改进框架来量化混合通量。这在一定程度上是通过在年龄-潜在温度坐标中计算环流函数来生成中纬度地区混合的包裹年龄的完整分布来实现的。Stream函数量化了热带和温带之间混合的包裹的“真实”年龄。将修正后的理论应用于理想化的和综合的气候模式,发现忽略年龄的经向梯度会导致对波浪驱动的混合通量的低估。在两个模式中都得到了更强的、定性上相似的通量,特别是在中低平流层。虽然两个模式中绝热混合的经向跨度有一些不同,但它们表明,赤道以北15°的深热带管道与较老的中纬度空气几乎没有混合。新的年龄-位势温度环流可以用来量化平流层输送的其他方面。
Wave‐induced adiabatic mixing in the winter midlatitudes is one of the key processes impacting stratospheric transport. Understanding its strength and structure is vital to understanding the distribution of trace gases and their modulation under a changing climate. Age‐of‐air is often used to understand stratospheric transport, and this study proposes refinements to the vertical age gradient theory of Linz et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035199. The theory assumes exchange of air between a well‐mixed tropics and a well‐mixed extratropics, separated by a transport barrier, quantifying the adiabatic mixing flux across the interface using age‐based measures. These assumptions are re‐evaluated and a refined framework that includes the effects of meridional tracer gradients is established to quantify the mixing flux. This is achieved, in part, by computing a circulation streamfunction in age‐potential temperature coordinates to generate a complete distribution of parcel ages being mixed in the midlatitudes. The streamfunction quantifies the “true” age of parcels mixed between the tropics and the extratropics. Applying the revised theory to an idealized and a comprehensive climate model reveals that ignoring the meridional gradients in age leads to an underestimation of the wave‐driven mixing flux. Stronger, and qualitatively similar fluxes are obtained in both models, especially in the lower‐to‐middle stratosphere. While the meridional span of adiabatic mixing in the two models exhibits some differences, they show that the deep tropical pipe, that is, latitudes equatorward of 15° barely mix with older midlatitude air. The novel age‐potential temperature circulation can be used to quantify additional aspects of stratospheric transport.
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