Irrespective of size, scales, color or body shape, all fish are just fish: object categorization in the gray bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum
Irrespective of size, scales, color or body shape, all fish are just fish: object categorization in the gray bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-014-0818-0
复制
发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Duengen, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schluessel, V.;Duengen, D.
物体分类是一种重要的认知适应，能迅速为动物提供相关的、可能挽救生命的信息。它可以被定义为这样一个过程：根据某些定义特征，将不相同的对象分组在一起，并做出响应，就好像它们是相同的一样。通过这种方式，关于一个对象、行为或情况的知识可以外推到另一个对象、行为或情况上，而不需要太多的成本和努力。许多脊椎动物，包括人类、猴子、鸟类和硬骨鱼类，都被证明能够进行分类，不同的物种和不同的任务有不同的能力。本研究旨在评估灰竹鲨的物体分类技能。鲨鱼学会了区分这两个类别，“鱼”和“蜗牛”独立的图像特征和图像类型，即，黑白白色图画、照片、漫画或底片。转移测试表明，鲨鱼主要集中在积极的刺激和分类，而忽略了消极的刺激。
Object categorization is an important cognitive adaptation, quickly providing an animal with relevant and potentially life-saving information. It can be defined as the process whereby objects that are not the same, are nonetheless grouped together according to some defining feature(s) and responded to as if they were the same. In this way, knowledge about one object, behavior or situation can be extrapolated onto another without much cost and effort. Many vertebrates including humans, monkeys, birds and teleosts have been shown to be able to categorize, with abilities varying between species and tasks. This study assessed object categorization skills in the gray bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum. Sharks learned to distinguish between the two categories, 'fish' versus 'snail' independently of image features and image type, i.e., black and white drawings, photographs, comics or negative images. Transfer tests indicated that sharks predominantly focused on and categorized the positive stimulus, while disregarding the negative stimulus.