A Systematic Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fault Activation Through Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas
A Systematic Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fault Activation Through Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas
复制标题
俄克拉荷马州和堪萨斯州南部诱发地震活动引起的断层活动时空演化的系统评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Ellsworth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schoenball;W. Ellsworth
过去十年，俄克拉荷马州和堪萨斯南部的大部分地区发生了广泛的地震活动，这归因于向阿巴克尔群进行大规模废水处理。使用波形重新定位的地震目录，我们对数百个已识别断层的活动进行了系统的研究。我们使用了93个序列，至少有30个事件的时空演变的详细分析。对于大多数觉醒的断层，地震活动倾向于从较浅的深度开始，并随着序列的进行而沿断层向沿着更深处迁移。没有一个主要的地震序列是从最大的地震开始的，许多地震序列在达到峰值活动之前的几个月就开始了。我们研究时间聚类作为一种手段来量化地震相互作用。一些序列没有显示类似于泊松背景地震活动的时间聚类，但比自然背景地震活动的速率高得多。其他序列表现出类似于主震-余震序列的强时间聚集性。我们的结论是，一旦发起的人为强迫，部分激活断层在俄克拉荷马州/堪萨斯地区足够接近失败，继续失败，通过地震相互作用。在许多序列中，包括那些最大的地震，地震活动继续在以前的激活区域，而不是通过扩大激活区。因此，以低震级阈值和高定位精度监测地震活动，有可能发现小的活动，因为它启动了特定断层的故障，从而提供时间采取行动，以减轻潜在破坏性地震的发生。
Much of Oklahoma and southern Kansas has seen widespread seismic activity in the last decade that is attributed to large‐scale wastewater disposal into the Arbuckle group. Using a waveform‐relocated earthquake catalog, we perform a systematic study of the activity on several hundreds of identified faults. We use 93 sequences with at least 30 events for a detailed analysis of their spatiotemporal evolution. For most awakened faults, seismicity tends to initiate at shallower depth and migrates deeper along the faults as the sequence proceeds. No major sequence starts with the largest earthquake, and many sequences initiate months before they rise to peak activity. We study temporal clustering as a means to quantify earthquake interactions. Some sequences show no temporal clustering similar to Poissonian background seismicity but at much higher rate than the natural background. Other sequences exhibit strong temporal clustering akin to main shock‐aftershock sequences. We conclude that once initiated by anthropogenic forcing, portions of the activated faults in the Oklahoma/Kansas area are close enough to failure to continue failing through earthquake interactions. In many sequences, including those with the largest earthquakes, seismicity continues within the previously activated region rather than by growing the activated area. Therefore, monitoring seismicity with a low magnitude threshold and high location precision has the potential to detect minor activity as it initiates failure on specific faults and thus provide time to take actions to mitigate the occurrence of potentially damaging earthquakes.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chen X;Nakata N;Pennington C;Haffener J;Chang JC;He X;Zhan Z;Ni S;Walter JI
通讯作者：
Walter JI