Of Small Streams and Great Lakes: Integrating Tributaries to Understand the Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Lake Superior
Of Small Streams and Great Lakes: Integrating Tributaries to Understand the Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Lake Superior
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小溪流和大湖：整合支流以了解苏必利尔湖的生态和生物地球化学
DOI：
10.1111/1752-1688.12695
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stottlemyer, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marcarelli, Amy M.;Coble, Ashley A.;Meingast, Karl M.;Kane, Evan S.;Brooks, Colin N.;Buffam, Ishi;Green, Sarah A.;Huckins, Casey J.;Toczydlowski, David;Stottlemyer, Robert
苏必利尔湖接收大约2800条支流的输入，这些支流为这个低营养湖泊的近岸地带提供营养物质和溶解有机物（DOM）。在这里，我们回顾了苏必利尔湖支流输出和羽流形成的规模和时间，这些模式和相互作用如何随着全球变化而变化，以及如何利用新兴技术更好地表征支流-湖泊联系。支流输出的峰值出现在融雪驱动的春潮期间，在降雨驱动的风暴期间有额外的脉冲。氮、磷和溶解有机碳（DOC）在河流中的加工和转化速度很快，但其强度随季节而变化。在径流大的时期，在近岸可以检测到具有高DOC浓度、高浊度和明显DOM特征的支流羽流，但羽流可以被湖内水流和混合快速输送和稀释。了解这些支流羽流的大小和负荷的变化，它们是如何在湖中运输的，以及它们持续多久，可能是使用自主和无人驾驶车辆的环境传感器和遥感来解决的最好方法。苏必利尔湖及其支流之间的联系很容易受到气候变化的影响，理解和预测这些宝贵的淡水资源的未来变化将需要对支流的输入和时间和空间的相互作用进行细致入微的考虑。
Lake Superior receives inputs from approximately 2,800 tributaries that provide nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the nearshore zone of this oligotrophic lake. Here, we review the magnitude and timing of tributary export and plume formation in Lake Superior, how these patterns and interactions may shift with global change, and how emerging technologies can be used to better characterize tributary–lake linkages. Peak tributary export occurs during snowmelt‐driven spring freshets, with additional pulses during rain‐driven storms. Instream processing and transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can be rapid but varies seasonally in magnitude. Tributary plumes with elevated DOC concentration, higher turbidity, and distinct DOM character can be detected in the nearshore during times of high runoff, but plumes can be quickly transported and diluted by in‐lake currents and mixing. Understanding the variability in size and load of these tributary plumes, how they are transported within the lake, and how long they persist may be best addressed with environmental sensors and remote sensing using autonomous and unmanned vehicles. The connections between Lake Superior and its tributaries are vulnerable to climate change, and understanding and predicting future changes to these valuable freshwater resources will require a nuanced and detailed consideration of tributary inputs and interactions in time and space.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Auer, Martin T.;Auer, Nancy A.;Auer, Tom
通讯作者：
Auer, Tom
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Evans, Mary Anne;Fahnenstiel, Gary;Scavia, Donald
通讯作者：
Scavia, Donald
影响因子：
4
作者：
Buffam, I;Galloway, JN;McGlathery, KJ
通讯作者：
McGlathery, KJ
DOI：
10.1002/2013eo280005
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Baskaran;J. Bratton
通讯作者：
J. Bratton
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
C. McDonald;N. Urban;Colin M. Casey
通讯作者：
Colin M. Casey