In-Situ Calibration of Antenna Arrays Within Wireless Locating Systems
In-Situ Calibration of Antenna Arrays Within Wireless Locating Systems
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DOI：
10.1109/tap.2019.2955147
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Vossiek, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sippel, Erik;Lipka, Melanie;Vossiek, Martin
天线阵列经常用于通过评估空间分布天线的信号相位来定位有源通信发射机或无源反射雷达目标。不幸的是，由于相互耦合、未知的时间延迟和不精确的已知天线位置，定位性能会下降，特别是在使用具有空间分布天线的大型阵列时。此外，这些误差会发生变化，直到阵列稳定地安装在目的地为止，这是由于位置未对准和电缆相位不稳定而发生的。因此，现场阵列校准对于执行无故障的相位测量是必要的。为此，本文提出了一种新颖的天线阵列校准程序，使用非相干发射信标来校正互耦和定位误差。由于原位校准会受到多径的影响，因此使用阵列近场内随机参考位置的测量来进行校准。此外，该算法还可以应对由于未知的天线极化和方向图而导致的随机变化的路径损耗。执行校准测量，无需使用消声环境即可提供物理上合理的结果。此外，使用使用所提出的算法校准的三个天线阵列通过室内定位来验证校准结果。
Antenna arrays are frequently used for localization of active communication transmitters or passively reflecting radar targets by evaluating signal phases at spatially distributed antennas. Unfortunately, the localization performance is degraded because of mutual coupling, unknown time delays, and imprecisely known antenna positions, especially if large arrays with spatially distributed antennas are used. Furthermore, these errors are altered until the array is steadily installed at its destination, which occurs because of position misalignment and cable phase instability. Hence, an in-situ array calibration is necessary to perform faultless phase measurements. For this purpose, this article proposes a novel calibration procedure for antenna arrays, correcting both the mutual coupling and positioning errors using an incoherently transmitting beacon. Because the in-situ calibration will be affected by multipath, measurements at random reference positions within the array's near field are used for calibration. In addition, the algorithm copes with randomly varying path losses because of unknown antenna polarizations and patterns. Calibration measurements are performed, providing physically reasonable results without using an anechoic environment. Furthermore, the calibration results are validated via indoor localization using three antenna arrays that were calibrated with the proposed algorithm.