Confidence in performance judgment accuracy: the unskilled and unaware effect revisited
Confidence in performance judgment accuracy: the unskilled and unaware effect revisited
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对绩效判断准确性的信心：重新审视不熟练和无意识的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Dresel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Händel;M. Dresel
自20世纪90年代末引入以来，这种不熟练和不知情的影响促使了几个进一步的研究。目前的情况是，表现不佳的学生被认为提供了不准确和过于自信的表现判断。然而，正如对二级判断(SOJ)的研究表明，他们显然对此有一些元认知意识。这项针对266名本科生的研究旨在深入探讨业绩判断是否准确的原因以及SOJ的适当性。我们采用了一种通用线性混合模型(GLMM)的方法来研究数学领域中个人和项目层面的特定项目绩效判断。这些分析复制了众所周知的影响。然而，GLMM的分析显示，表现不佳的学生的自信心较低显然并不表明他们有主观意识，因为这些学生做出了不适当的SOJ(对准确判断的信心低于对不准确判断的信心)。此外，学生自我生成的判断解释表明，表现不佳的学生很难认识到他们拥有解决问题的主题知识，而表现优异的学生则难以承认他们不知道问题的答案。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，所有成绩水平的学生都存在一些元认知缺陷，然而，这些缺陷的发生取决于不同的判断准确率。
Since its introduction in the late 1990s, the unskilled and unaware effect motivated several further studies. As it stands, low-performing students are assumed to provide inaccurate and overconfident performance judgments. However, as research with second-order judgments (SOJs) indicates, they apparently have some metacognitive awareness of this. The current study with 266 undergraduate students aimed to provide in-depth insights into both the reasons for (in)accurate performance judgments and the appropriateness of SOJs. We implemented a general linear mixed model (GLMM) approach to study item-specific performance judgments in the domain of mathematics at the person and item level. The analyses replicated the well-known effects. However, the GLMM analyses revealed that low-performing students’ lower confidence apparently did not indicate subjective awareness, given that these students made inappropriate SOJs (lower confidence in accurate than in inaccurate judgments). In addition, students’ self-generated explanations for their judgements indicated that low-performing students have difficulties recognizing that they possess topic knowledge to solve an item, whereas high-performing students struggle with admitting that they do not know the answer to a question. In sum, our results indicate that students at all performance levels have some metacognitive weaknesses, which, however, occur subject to different judgment accuracy.