Survival rates of a neotropical parrot: implications for latitudinal comparisons of avian demography
Survival rates of a neotropical parrot: implications for latitudinal comparisons of avian demography
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新热带鹦鹉的存活率：对鸟类人口统计学纬度比较的影响
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发表时间：
2000
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Hughes
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Sandercock;S. Beissinger;S. Stoleson;Rebecca R. Melland;C. Hughes
鸟类种群数量的垂直变化在生活史理论的发展中起着重要的早期作用，特别是在繁殖成本的概念中。最近尝试用标记-再捕获统计来确定热带鸟类的存活率，结果证明是有争议的。在这里，我们使用一个小的新热带区的鸟，绿腰鹦鹉（Forpus passerinus），作为一个模型系统，调查来源的异质性，可能偏见种间比较。在十多年的时间里，收集了1334只成年鹦鹉的标记再瞄准数据。我们预计成年人的生存率很低，因为这只鹦鹉奠定了一个大离合器（平均5 7个鸡蛋），是一个腔巢，并在一个高度季节性的环境中繁殖。两个年龄组的局部生存率无显著性，表明年龄或短暂性影响不重要。本地生存的男性没有每年变化，但19.3%的女性生存的年度变化的解释率巢损失的阶段，当女性孵化或育雏年轻。鹦鹉（F5 0.565）的整体本地存活率是相同的温带洞筑巢物种相同的身体大小，但低于热带鸟类奠定较小的离合器。然而，我们也发现相当大的异质性鹦鹉的生存。有视力但不繁殖的女性和男性分别占我们人口的平均23.5%和52.9%。使用多状态模型，我们发现，繁殖者有显着较高的概率，当地的生存（f5 0.678与0.486），保留自己的地位，繁殖者（c5 0.719与0.279），检测（p 5 0.997与0.375）比nonbreeders。总体而言，雄性和雌性的局部存活率相当（繁殖者f5 0.698 vs. 0.658，非繁殖者f5 0.536 vs. 0.436）。我们对当地生存的估计可能会受到繁殖扩散的影响，但小鹦鹉的地点保真度很强：95%的成年鹦鹉连续几年迁移了500米。对热带鸟类的文献回顾表明，标记再定位研究通常报告基于繁殖或领土成年鸟的再定位的返回率，而雾网研究依赖于不同年龄和社会地位的重新捕获和池鸟在其计算当地生存。未来的研究应该尝试比较在人口统计学上相似的鸟类种群的子集。由于网站的保真度和社会系统的速度可能不同的物种，这些因素也必须考虑在种间比较鸟类的生活史。
Latitudinal variation in avian demography played an important early role in the development of life history theory, especially in the idea of a cost of reproduction. Recent attempts to determine the survivorship of tropical birds with mark-recapture sta- tistics have proved controversial. Here, we use a small neotropical bird, the Green-rumped Parrotlet (Forpus passerinus), as a model system for investigating sources of heterogeneity that might bias interspecific comparisons. Mark-resighting data were collected on 1334 adult parrotlets over a decade. We expected adult survival to be low because this parrot lays a large clutch (mean 5 7 eggs), is a cavity nester, and breeds in a highly seasonal environment. A two-age-class term in local survival was nonsignificant, indicating that an age or transience effect was unimportant. Local survival of males did not vary annually, but 19.3% of the yearly variation in female survival was explained by rates of nest loss during stages when females were incubating or brooding young. The overall local survival rate of parrotlets ( f5 0.565) was identical to temperate hole-nesting species of the same body size but was lower than that of tropical birds that lay smaller clutches. However, we also detected considerable heterogeneity in parrotlet survival. Females and males that were sighted but did not breed comprised a mean 23.5% and 52.9% of our population, respec- tively. Using multistate models, we found that breeders had significantly higher probabilities of local survival ( f5 0.678 vs. 0.486), of retaining their status as breeders ( c5 0.719 vs. 0.279), and of detection ( p 5 0.997 vs. 0.375) than did nonbreeders. Overall, males and females had comparable local survival rates (breeders f5 0.698 vs. 0.658, nonbreeders f5 0.536 vs. 0.436). Our estimates of local survival could be affected by breeding dispersal, but site fidelity of parrotlets was strong: 95% of adults moved ,500 m in consecutive years. A literature review for tropical birds showed that mark-resighting studies usually report return rates based on resightings of breeding or territorial adults, whereas mist net studies rely on recaptures and pool birds of different age and social status in their calcu- lations of local survival. Future studies should attempt to compare subsets of avian pop- ulations that are similar in demography. Because rates of site fidelity and social system may differ among species, these factors must also be considered in interspecific comparisons of avian life histories.