A physiologist's view of homeostasis
A physiologist's view of homeostasis
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DOI：
10.1152/advan.00107.2015
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Wright, Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Modell, Harold;Cliff, William;Wright, Ann
稳态是理解生理学中许多调节机制所必需的核心概念。克劳德·伯纳德最初提出了“环境创造者”的恒定性概念，但他的讨论相当抽象。沃尔特·坎农引入了“内稳态”一词，并以一种明确而具体的方式扩展了伯纳德关于内部环境“恒定性”的概念。在20世纪60年代，生理学中的稳态调节机制开始被描述为离散过程，随后将工程控制系统分析应用于生理系统。不幸的是，许多本科教材继续强调概念的抽象方面，而不是强调可以具体和全面地应用于所有稳态机制的一般模型。因此，学生和教师都经常无法开发一个清晰，简洁的模型来思考这样的系统。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个标准的模型，用于在本科水平的稳态机制。我们讨论了常见的混淆来源（“粘点”），从流行的本科教材中发现的词汇和插图的不一致。最后，我们提出了一个简化的模型和词汇集，以帮助大学生建立有效的心理模型的稳态调节生理系统。
Homeostasis is a core concept necessary for understanding the many regulatory mechanisms in physiology. Claude Bernard originally proposed the concept of the constancy of the "milieu interieur," but his discussion was rather abstract. Walter Cannon introduced the term "homeostasis" and expanded Bernard's notion of "constancy" of the internal environment in an explicit and concrete way. In the 1960s, homeostatic regulatory mechanisms in physiology began to be described as discrete processes following the application of engineering control system analysis to physiological systems. Unfortunately, many undergraduate texts continue to highlight abstract aspects of the concept rather than emphasizing a general model that can be specifically and comprehensively applied to all homeostatic mechanisms. As a result, students and instructors alike often fail to develop a clear, concise model with which to think about such systems. In this article, we present a standard model for homeostatic mechanisms to be used at the undergraduate level. We discuss common sources of confusion ("sticky points") that arise from inconsistencies in vocabulary and illustrations found in popular undergraduate texts. Finally, we propose a simplified model and vocabulary set for helping undergraduate students build effective mental models of homeostatic regulation in physiological systems.