Lead-acid batteries (LABs) and the thermogravimetric analysis of Pb metal reduction from PbO2 via microwave heating at 2.45 GHz
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) and the thermogravimetric analysis of Pb metal reduction from PbO2 via microwave heating at 2.45 GHz
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clet.2023.100619
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kato;B. Sabatini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kato;B. Sabatini
铅酸蓄电池（LAB）中的铅（Pb）占其总重量的60%，占全球金属铅产量的80%。作为一种有毒物质，但抢手的资源，开发一种方法来回收废电池，既安全又有效，是非常可取的。为此，本文探讨了微波加热的应用，以减少铅从PbO 2，一个组成的乳酸菌膏，使用碳（C）还原剂。在200和1000 W之间进行了各种实验，以确定使用自制的热重仪的质量损失动力学。的机制和动力学的反应，以及它们所产生的阶段，进行了讨论，在比较相同的样品的差热分析（TG-DTA）。微波加热被发现是非常有效的，导致在< 300 °C下高达97%的Pb金属的回收率;然而，由于坩埚干扰、微波穿透深度和形成Pb金属时微波的反射，完全还原没有实现。使用X射线衍射（XRD）评估还原和分解反应。
The lead (Pb) in lead-acid batteries (LABs) accounts for up to 60% of their total weight and 80% of the metallic Pb produced worldwide. As a toxic substance but sought-after resource, developing a method to reclaim Pb from spent batteries, both safely and efficiently, is highly desirable. To this end, this paper explores the application of microwave heating to reduce Pb from PbO2, a component of LAB pastes, using a carbon (C) reductant. Various experiments were conducted between 200 and 1000 W to determine mass loss kinetics using a homemade thermogravimetric apparatus. The mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions, and their resultant phases, are discussed in comparison to differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) of the same samples. Microwave heating was found to be highly effective, resulting in up to a 97% recovery of Pb metal at < 300 °C; however, complete reduction was unrealized due to crucible interference, microwave penetration depth, and the reflection of microwaves as Pb metal formed. The reduction and decomposition reactions were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD).