Commentary
Commentary
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DOI：
10.1068/a43291
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barnett C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnett C
本期特刊收集的论文挑战了已收到的批评术语，通过这些术语，学术分析框定了替代经济实验的当代例子，如替代食品网络、公平贸易做法、缓慢的食品流动和产品认证计划。就这些做法寻求利用市场机制追求(种类繁多)的“伦理”目标而言，一种批评路线再现了一种要么全有要么全无的新马克思主义批评风格，将这些活动描述为完全与容纳性、霸权主义的“新自由主义”同谋。最重要的是，赋予消费者机构的中心性激起了左倾批评者的愤怒，他们认为所谓的“道德消费”的兴起只不过是普遍商品拜物教的最新诡计(例如Carrier2010)。还有一种更有同情心的批评分析风格，主要来自政治学和政治社会学，有时被称为“政治消费主义”。米凯莱蒂(2003，2)将政治消费主义定义为“为了改变令人反感的制度或市场惯例而在生产者和产品之间做出选择的人的行为”。政治消费主义的概念在很大程度上接受了消费者驱动的现象是建立在市场中自信的选择行为基础上的，它倾向于以积极的眼光反映出这样一种论点，即消费主义形式的道德行为的兴起实际上只是令人遗憾的衰落和对适当的民主政治的幻灭的症状。这种概念化继续将消费政治化视为必然涉及一种消费驱动的政治形式(参看。因此，尽管政治消费主义的概念有助于看到各种替代市场实践的政治维度，但它仍然使分析性和批判性的注意力直接集中在消费者代理的概念上。然而，有一种趋势认为，政治消费主义是组织框架和动员战略的结果，而不是通过消费者选择的媒介表达的个性化动态(见Jacobsen和Dulsrud，2007)。这期特刊中的论文有助于对当代消费政治化的理解正在发生的双重转移：从关注消费者在购物行为中的代理，转向关注有组织的代理集合；以及转向理解嵌入社会再生产日常实践中的消费动态。这些论文有三个相互重叠的主题，作为一个整体，它们重新配置了批判性分析的术语，通过这些术语可以解决当代粮食政治问题。第一个主题是重要性
The papers collected in this special issue challenge the received terms of criticism through which academic analysis frames contemporary examples of alternative economic experiments, such as alternative food networks, fair trade practices, slow food movements, and product certification schemes. In so far as these sorts of practices seek to use market mechanisms for the pursuit of a (wide variety) of ‘ethical’objectives, one line of criticism reproduces an-all-or-nothing style of neo-Marxist critique, presenting these sorts of activities as wholly complicit with capacious, hegemonic ‘neoliberalism’. Above all, it is the centrality accorded to consumer agency that raises the ire of left-leaning critics, who see in the rise of socalled ‘ethical consumption’nothing more than the latest ruses of generalised commodity fetishism (eg Carrier 2010). There is also a much more sympathetic style of critical analysis, derived primarily from political science and political sociology, of what is sometimes called ‘political consumerism’. Micheletti (2003, 2) defines political consumerism as “actions by people who make choices among producers and products with the goal of changing objectionable institutional or market practices”. In largely accepting the idea of a consumer-driven phenomenon based on the assertive exercise of choice in the market, the concept of political consumerism tends to mirror back in a positive light the argument that the rise of consumerist forms of ‘ethical’action is really only a symptom of a lamentable decline and disenchantment from proper democratic politics. This conceptualization continues to present the politicization of consumption as necessarily involving a form of consumer-driven politics (cf. Trentmann 2006).So while the concept of political consumerism is helpful in bringing into view the political dimensions of various alternative market practices, it still keeps the analytical and critical attention focussed squarely on notions of consumer agency. There is, however, a move to rethink political consumerism as an effect of the framing and mobilization strategies of organizations, rather than as an expression of the dynamics of individualization expressed through the mediums of consumer choice (see Jacobsen and Dulsrud 2007). The papers in this special issue contribute to the double displacement underway in understandings of the contemporary politicization of consumption: away from the focus on the agency of the consumer in the act of shopping, towards a focus on organized assemblages of agency; and towards an understanding of the dynamics of consumption as embedded in everyday practices of social reproduction. There are three overlapping themes running across these papers which, taken as a whole, reconfigure the terms of critical analysis through which the contemporary politics of food might be addressed. The first theme is the importance