A Reprieve from US wildlife mortality on roads during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Reprieve from US wildlife mortality on roads during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109013
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Ham E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shilling F;Nguyen T;Saleh M;Kyaw MK;Tapia K;Trujillo G;Bejarano M;Waetjen D;Peterson J;Kalisz G;Sejour R;Croston S;Ham E
高交通量是道路上野生动物与车辆碰撞（WVC）和野生动物死亡的主要原因之一。政府的就地安置（SIP）命令已被用于帮助缓解COVID-19的传播，导致全球交通量前所未有地减少。使用交通和碰撞数据从美国四个州（加州，爱达荷州，缅因州，和华盛顿），我们调查了总WVC的变化，以下国家和地方SIP的命令。从2020年3月中旬到4月中旬，这些订单分别在CA，ID，ME和WA减少了高达71%，63%，73%和72%的驾驶量（以车辆行驶里程（VMT）衡量）。从SIP命令生效前4周到生效后4周，每日WVC率下降了34%，CA、ID、ME和WA分别下降了21%、36%、44%和33%。对于加利福尼亚州的美洲狮（Puma concolor），在交通减少期间死亡率下降了58%。WVC从SIP前1个月订单到SIP后1个月订单的变化仅发生在2020年，而不是2015年，2016年，2017年，2018年或2019年，这表明减少与流量减少有关。在2020年5月、6月和7月，ME和WA的WVC测量值的下降发生了逆转，与交通量的逆转同步。WVC减少34%可能相当于在交通减少的一个月内，美国道路上死亡的脊椎动物减少了1000万只，这是现代前所未有的无意保护行动。
High traffic volume is one of the main contributors to wildlife-vehicle collision (WVC) and wildlife mortality on roads. Government shelter-in-place (SIP) orders have been used to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19, resulting in unprecedented reductions in global traffic volumes. Using traffic and collision data from four US states (California, Idaho, Maine, and Washington), we investigated changes in total WVC, following the state and local SIP orders. From mid-March to mid-April 2020, these orders have resulted in up to 71%, 63%, 73%, and 72% reduction in driving, as measured by vehicle miles traveled (VMT), in CA, ID, ME, and WA respectively. The daily WVC rates from the 4 weeks prior to SIP orders going into effect, to the 4 weeks after, declined 34%, with 21, 36, 44, and 33% declines for CA, ID, ME, and WA, respectively. For mountain lions (Puma concolor) in CA, there was a 58% decline in mortality during the traffic reduction. The changes in WVC from 1 month pre-SIP orders to 1 month post-order only occurred in 2020 and not 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, or 2019, suggesting that the reductions were associated with the reductions in traffic. The measured declines in WVC reversed in ME and WA during May, June and July 2020, paralleling reversals in traffic volumes. A 34% reduction in WVC would potentially equate to 10s of millions fewer vertebrates killed on US roadways during one month of traffic reduction, representing an unintentional conservation action unprecedented in modern times.
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