Oil vulnerability in the greater Toronto area: impacts of high fuel prices on urban form and environment
Oil vulnerability in the greater Toronto area: impacts of high fuel prices on urban form and environment
复制标题
大多伦多地区的石油脆弱性：高油价对城市形态和环境的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s13762-014-0641-9
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
K. N. Habib
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saidal Akbari;K. N. Habib
化石燃料成本的上升是一个公认的现象，但它对家庭的影响仍然普遍不为人知。了解燃油价格上涨的社会经济影响如何在城市地区分布是可持续城市交通规划所必需的一个关键问题。本研究通过纳入旅行调查数据，改进了汽油费用上涨脆弱性指数（VIPER）框架[先前由Dodson和Sipe Urban Stud 44(1): 37-62,(2007)]，以更好地代表家庭对汽车的依赖。通过这个修改后的VIPER框架，我们试图了解燃料成本上涨对大多伦多地区的社会经济影响。研究结果表明，油品易损性分布呈现三环格局：油品易损性最低的城市核心区（1环）向外扩展，油品易损性最高的城市近郊（2环）向外扩展，油品易损性较低的城市近郊（3环）向外过渡。这些结果表明，有必要采取交通和土地使用政策措施，以解决未来高油价造成的与交通相关的社会和经济不利因素。本文提到的交通和土地利用政策措施侧重于减少私家车的使用。因此，这些旨在减轻石油脆弱性的措施也可能具有减少温室气体排放和保护绿地的环境效益。
The rising cost of fossil fuel is a recognized phenomenon, but its impact at the household level is still widely unknown. Understanding how the socioeconomic impacts of rising fuel prices might be distributed across urban areas is a critical issue that is necessary for sustainable urban transportation planning. This study has refined the vulnerability index for petrol expense rises (VIPER) framework [previously proposed by Dodson and Sipe Urban Stud 44(1):37–62, (2007)] by incorporating travel survey data to better represent households’ car dependence. Through this modified VIPER framework, we seek to understand how the socioeconomic impact of rising fuel costs will be distributed across the greater toronto area. The findings of this research reveal a pattern in the distribution of oil vulnerability that depicts a three-ring configuration: expanding outwards from the lowest oil vulnerability in the urban core (1st ring), followed by the highest oil vulnerability in the city’s inner suburbs (2nd ring), and a transition to a lower oil vulnerability in the suburban areas (3rd ring). Such results reveal the need for transportation and land use policy measures that tackle the transportation-related social and economic disadvantages due to high fuel prices in the future. The transportation and land use policy measures referred to in this paper focus on the reduction in private automobile use. Therefore, those measures aimed at mitigating oil vulnerability may also have the environmental benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving greenfields.