Drinking your troubles away. II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's effect on psychological stress.
Drinking your troubles away. II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's effect on psychological stress.
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喝掉你的烦恼。
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.97.2.196
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Josephs,RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steele,CM;Josephs,RA
两个实验检验了酒精对心理压力影响的注意力分配模型(Steele，Southwick，&Pagano，1986)。在这个模型的基础上，假设酒精对信息处理的损害，加上分散注意力的活动的需求，会使人们更难将注意力分配到关于事件的想法上，从而减少对即将到来的压力事件的焦虑。没有分心活动的饮酒并不能起到减轻焦虑的效果，但可能会缩小范围，限制人们对迫在眉睫的压力源的关注，从而增加焦虑。最后，在这个实验中，在没有醉酒的情况下，分散注意力的活动并不能减少焦虑。目前的实验通过将受试者是否接受过酒精(剂量为1毫升/公斤)与他们是否在预期的紧张演讲之前的一段时间内对艺术幻灯片进行评级来测试这一推理。正如预测的那样，在两个实验中，喝醉和评分幻灯片显著地比其他任何情况下都更能降低受试者对演讲的焦虑；与其他情况相比，喝醉酒和无所事事显著增加了受试者的焦虑，但只有当两个实验的数据结合在一起时才会如此。单靠运动并没有降低焦虑的效果。这些结果被讨论为：(A)支持认知障碍和注意力分配在调节酒精降低焦虑效果中的作用，(B)澄清酒精可以增加焦虑的条件，以及(C)证明活动在调节酒精降低紧张效果的变异性中的重要性。
Two experiments examined an attention-allocation model of alcohol’s effect on psychological stress (Steele, Southwick, & Pagano, 1986). On the basis of this model, it was hypothesized that alcohol’s impairment of information processing, coupled with the demands of distracting activity, would reduce anxiety over an upcoming stressful event by making it harder to allocate attention to thoughts about the event. Alcohol intoxication without a distracting activity was not expected to have an anxiety-reducing effect but possibly to increase anxiety by narrowing and constraining attention to the imminent stressor. Finally, the distracting activity in this experiment, without intoxication, was not expected to reduce anxiety. The present experiments tested this reasoning by crossing whether or not subjects had received alcohol (dose of 1 ml/kg) with whether they rated art slides or did nothing during the period prior to an expected stressful speech. As predicted, being intoxicated and rating slides reduced subjects’ anxiety over the speech significantly more than any other condition in both experiments; being intoxicated and doing nothing significantly increased subjects’ anxiety compared with the other conditions, but only when the data from both experiments were combined. Activity alone had no anxiety-reducing effect. These results are discussed as (a) supporting the role of cognitive impairment and attention allocation in mediating alcohol’s anxiety-reducing effects,(b) clarifying conditions under which alcohol can increase anxiety, and (c) demonstrating the importance of activity in mediating the variability of alcohol’s tension-reducing effects.