Long-term observation of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization
Long-term observation of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01170.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Pantis, John D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petanidou, Theodora;Kallimanis, Athanasios S.;Pantis, John D.
我们分析了连续四年调查的灌木群落的植物传粉者相互作用网络的动态。年度网络内的物种组成表现出很高的时间变化。时间动态在网络的拓扑结构中也很明显，因为植物和传粉者之间的相互作用并不随时间而保持恒定。这种变化涉及相互作用伙伴的数量和身份。引人注目的是，很少有物种和相互作用始终存在于所有四个年度的植物传粉网络（53%的植物物种，21%的传粉物种和4.9%的相互作用）。物种间相互作用的高周转主要是物种周转的影响（c。70%，在几年之间的成对比较），物种的灵活性与新的合作伙伴相互作用的影响较小（c。30%）。我们的结论是，专业化的植物传粉者的相互作用可能被高度高估时，在短时间内测量。这是因为许多植物或传粉者物种在1年内作为专家出现，但在其他年份观察时往往是多面手或与不同的伙伴物种相互作用。物种组成和相互作用身份的高度时间可塑性与网络结构特性的低变化相耦合（例如，度集中，连通性，嵌套性，平均距离和网络直径）意味着（i）紧密和专门的共同进化可能不像以前建议的那样重要，（ii）植物-传粉者相互作用网络可能比以前认为的更不容易受到干扰的有害影响。我们认为，这可能是由于机会主义性质的植物和动物物种的可用的合作伙伴资源，他们依赖于在任何特定的时间。
We analysed the dynamics of a plant-pollinator interaction network of a scrub community surveyed over four consecutive years. Species composition within the annual networks showed high temporal variation. Temporal dynamics were also evident in the topology of the network, as interactions among plants and pollinators did not remain constant through time. This change involved both the number and the identity of interacting partners. Strikingly, few species and interactions were consistently present in all four annual plant-pollinator networks (53% of the plant species, 21% of the pollinator species and 4.9% of the interactions). The high turnover in species-to-species interactions was mainly the effect of species turnover (c. 70% in pairwise comparisons among years), and less the effect of species flexibility to interact with new partners (c. 30%). We conclude that specialization in plant-pollinator interactions might be highly overestimated when measured over short periods of time. This is because many plant or pollinator species appear as specialists in 1 year, but tend to be generalists or to interact with different partner species when observed in other years. The high temporal plasticity in species composition and interaction identity coupled with the low variation in network structure properties (e.g. degree centralization, connectance, nestedness, average distance and network diameter) imply (i) that tight and specialized coevolution might not be as important as previously suggested and (ii) that plant-pollinator interaction networks might be less prone to detrimental effects of disturbance than previously thought. We suggest that this may be due to the opportunistic nature of plant and animal species regarding the available partner resources they depend upon at any particular time.