Melting below zero.
Melting below zero.
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熔点低于零。
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0200-50
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. Dash
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wettlaufer;J. Dash
融化在零度以下科学美洲2000年2月51日与它的四个最近的邻居。然而，当你接近晶体的表面时，晶格会变得扭曲，因为最外面的分子会接触到周围空气的非结构化环境。这些表面分子具有最少的化学键将它们保持在适当的位置，因此当温度升高时，它们比晶体内部的分子振动得更剧烈。在足够高的温度下--但仍低于正常熔点--分子开始以液态层的形式流动（见上图）。
Melting Below Zero SCiENTifiC AMERiCAN February 2000 51 nated with its four nearest neighbors. As you approach the crystal’s surface, however, the lattice becomes distorted as the outermost molecules reach out into the unstructured environment of the air around them. These surface molecules have the fewest chemical bonds holding them in place, and as a result they vibrate more violently as the temperature warms than do the molecules in the interior of the crystal. At a sufficiently high temperature—but still below the normal melting point—the molecules begin to flow in a liquidlike layer [see illustration above].