Historical review of the significance of the cerebellum and the role of Purkinje cells in motor learning
Historical review of the significance of the cerebellum and the role of Purkinje cells in motor learning
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07574.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ito, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ito, M
在世纪中期之前，对小脑的经典研究确立了小脑的结构实体，并将其功能描述为使动物和人类能够进行平稳和准确的运动，即使是在高速和没有视觉反馈的情况下。在20世纪60年代，小脑的神经元回路结构被详细分析，这促进了对小脑神经元网络原理的研究的计算方法。在20世纪70年代和80年代，前庭眼反射适应，适应性运动，眨眼条件反射和手/臂运动学习被建立为研究小脑功能神经机制的有效实验范式。在20世纪80年代，长期抑郁症（LTD）被发现并被认为是小脑中的记忆过程;在20世纪90年代，LTD背后的复杂信号转导过程被揭示。也是在20世纪80年代，先进的计算方法为小脑的控制系统功能建模。目前，有两种替代模型提出的VOR适应。在这十年中，我们设想在分子和细胞水平上以及在系统和计算中融合小脑知识的新发展。有限责任公司的研究将在追求这一方向发挥关键作用。
Classic studies of the cerebellum before the middle of the twentieth century established the structural entity of the cerebellum and characterized its function as enabling animals and humans to carry out smooth and accurate movements, even at a high speed and without visual feedback. In the 1960s, neuronal circuit structures of the cerebellum were analyzed in detail, which promoted computational approaches toward the study of neuronal network principles of the cerebellum. In the 1970s and 1980s, vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation, adaptive locomotion, eye blink conditioning, and learning in hand/ arm movement were established as effective experimental paradigms for investigating neural mechanisms of cerebellar functions. In the 1980s, long-term depression (LTD) was discovered and considered as a memory process in the cerebellum; in the 1990s, complex signal transduction processes underlying LTD were revealed. It was also in the 1980s that computational approaches were advanced for modeling control system functions of the cerebellum. Currently, there are two alternative models proposed for VOR adaptation. In this decade, we envisage new developments toward the fusion of knowledge of the cerebellum at molecular and cellular levels and those in systems and computation. Studies of LTD will play a key role in pursuing this direction.