Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV in Adults: A Review of Current Methods
Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV in Adults: A Review of Current Methods
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/cit281
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Kirn, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornett, Julia Kang;Kirn, Thomas J.
据估计，美国有120万人感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)，其中20%的人不知道自己的诊断结果。改进的艾滋病毒检测方法可以减少这一数字，并识别那些最近感染艾滋病毒并处于传染性最关键阶段的人。在多项流行病学和病因学研究中，急性艾滋病毒感染者已证明艾滋病毒的传播增强。美国每年发生超过50000例艾滋病毒感染，其中30%-50%是由最近感染的人造成的。最初的艾滋病毒诊断检测算法是由位于的疾病预防控制中心开发的。最近提出的对该算法的修改将纳入艾滋病毒诊断测试方面的进步，从而提高灵敏度，同时减少周转时间和成本。预期将改善对急性艾滋病毒，特别是2型艾滋病毒的诊断。了解可用于艾滋病毒诊断的实验室方法对于遏制艾滋病毒的传播至关重要。
Of the estimated 1.2 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, 20% are unaware of their diagnosis. Improved methods of HIV testing could decrease this number, as well as identify those who have recently acquired HIV infection and are at the most critical stage of infectivity. People with acute HIV infection have demonstrated enhanced transmission of HIV in multiple epidemiologic and pathogenetic studies. More than 50 000 HIV infections occur annually in the United States, and 30%-50% have been attributed to persons with recent infection. The original HIV diagnostic testing algorithm was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1989. Recently proposed alterations to the algorithm would incorporate advancements made in HIV diagnostic testing, thereby increasing sensitivity while reducing turnaround time and cost. Improved diagnosis of acute HIV, and HIV type 2 in particular, would be expected. Knowledge of the available laboratory methods for HIV diagnosis is essential in the fight against the spread of HIV.