Opportunities for Reducing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) compliance costs: lessons from the Chesapeake Bay.
Opportunities for Reducing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) compliance costs: lessons from the Chesapeake Bay.
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降低最大每日总负荷 (TMDL) 合规成本的机会：切萨皮克湾的经验教训。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
L. Wainger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Wainger
切萨皮克湾总最大日负荷（TMDL）计划是恢复切萨皮克湾的一个前所未有的机会，但计划的成本可能会破坏其完全实施。对海湾TMDL项目设计和实施的分析用于将项目成本效益与以下选择联系起来：(1)合规定义，(2)地理负载分配，以及(3)参与不受管制资源的方法。一个重要的发现是，许多设计选择需要选择一个可接受的风险水平来实现水质结果，而缺乏数据可能导致预防性选择，这增加了合规成本。此外，尽管一些选择管理了成本，但其他决策可能降低了通过水质交易和支付计划节省成本的潜力。特别是，一些州选择将改善海湾主干线水质的负荷减少部分分配给许多小流域，可能会削弱市场发展的潜力，或减少最具成本效益的减少营养物和沉积物做法的资金。降低未来TMDL成本的策略包括在TMDL设计的早期考虑边际收益递减，以平衡监管目标设定中的成本和风险，并设计促进创新和成本效益合规策略的规则和激励措施。
The Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program is an unprecedented opportunity to restore the Chesapeake Bay, yet program costs threaten to undermine its complete implementation. Analyses of Bay TMDL program design and implementation were used to relate program cost-effectiveness to choices in (1) compliance definitions, (2) geographic load allocations, and (3) approaches to engaging unregulated sources. A key finding was that many design choices require choosing an acceptable level of risk of achieving water quality outcomes, and a lack of data can lead to precautionary choices, which increase compliance costs. Furthermore, although some choices managed costs, others decisions may have reduced the potential for cost savings from water quality trading and payment programs. In particular, the choice by some states to distribute the portion of load reductions that improve water quality in the Bay mainstem to many small basins is likely to diminish the potential for market development or reduce funding for the most cost-effective nutrient and sediment reduction practices. Strategies for reducing costs of future TMDLs include considering diminishing marginal returns early in the TMDL design to balance costs and risks in regulatory goal setting and to design rules and incentives that promote innovation and cost-effective compliance strategies.