You have printed the following article : Fossil Communities of the Borden ( Mississippian ) Delta in Indiana and Northern Kentucky
You have printed the following article : Fossil Communities of the Borden ( Mississippian ) Delta in Indiana and Northern Kentucky
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您已打印以下文章：印第安纳州和肯塔基州北部博登（密西西比）三角洲的化石群落
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
N. Lane
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作者：
W. Ausich;T. Kammer;N. Lane
在印第安纳州和肯塔基州北方的博登粉砂岩三角洲中，贝壳类群落在三角洲台地、三角洲斜坡和前三角洲环境中的出现是独特的。新普罗维登斯页岩和整个博登群的等厚线图表明，在印第安纳州存在两个不同的三角洲叶。三角洲台地的生境种类最多，包括碳酸盐岩岸、分流河道砂岩、分流间泥岩和粉砂岩。这些环境中的每一个都被一个独特的分层贝壳群落占据，其中以海百合和苔藓虫为主。碳酸盐银行主要是大型腕足动物（Spirifer，Imbrexia）和camerate（Alloprosallocrinus）和海百合（Halysiocrinus）海百合。分流河道被各种小的、短茎的高级无水植物（Abrotocrinus）占据，分流间泥岩被各种各样的有孔苔藓动物（Fenestella）和囊孔苔藓动物（Cheilotrypa）以及海百合和腕足动物占据。三角洲斜坡社区一般不分层，主要由大型腕足动物（Orthotetes，Syringothyris），可以保持固定在不稳定的斜坡上的位置。前三角洲群落包括各种苔藓动物（Rhombopora，Cystodictya）和海百合（Halysiocrinus，Synbathocrinus）以及腹足类和pelecypods（Bembexia，Phestia，Ctenodonta）。斜坡群落起源于一些物种从台地向下迁移，另一些物种从前三角洲向上迁移。物种多样性在三角洲台地上的个体站点范围从47到155，在斜坡上从2到23，在前三角洲从35到103。介绍肯塔基州和邻近的印第安纳州。为了整合泥盆纪和密西西比纪时期的各种研究，并提供一系列三角洲逐渐填充在大面积的区域图片的博登化石社区的东部内陆浅海盆地，我们三个人都进行了实地调查美国。这些三角洲开始于东部的泥盆纪卡茨基尔三角洲的卡伍德和蝗虫化石群，1977年秋季形成了点，从而被泥盆纪-密西西比阶地层降低，提供了俄亥俄州的三角洲斜坡ford-Berea三角洲所需的信息，并终止于社区。为了提供一个区域性的中密西西比博登三角洲的框架内，其中设置我们的paleontodiana，伊利诺伊州和肯塔基州（文本图1）。只有博登三角洲的向海部分的iospach地图仍然保存着整个博登和新普罗夫，主要是在印第安纳州南部的idence厚度的地下。那些伊利诺斯州南部和印第安纳州西南部，地图是使用信息首次亮相也在一个狭窄的露头带南部rived从测井记录在石油印第安纳州和肯塔基州。印第安纳州地质调查局的非海洋部分。三角洲的边缘已经被侵蚀这不是一个分类学研究。在北部和东部的大部分地区，这里报告的假定源化石仅被鉴定为记录。博登属级的化石群落，特别是来自卡尔三角洲的化石群落，如南部、伍德和蝗虫角的露头所示。具体identificacentral印第安纳州，是本报告的主题。15年前，我们中的一个人开始研究博登三角洲的三角洲和盆地的物种，但群落是可用的（Lane，1963）。Ausich以门罗县和Kammer属的群落为基础，研究了三角洲台地整体古生态解释。正在对北大西洋北方自然框架内的三角洲前群落和毗连盆地群落进行研究，
The Borden siltstone delta in Indiana and northern Kentucky contains shelly communities that are distinctive with respect to their occurrence in delta platform, delta slope, and prodeltaic environments. Isopach maps of the New Providence Shale and total Borden Group indicate that two distinct lobes of the delta existed in Indiana. The delta platform exhibits the greatest variety of habitats, including carbonate banks, distributary channel sandstones, and interdistributary mudstones and siltstones. Each of these environments was occupied by a distinctive tiered shelly community dominated by crinoids and bryozoans. The carbonate bank was dominated by large brachiopods (Spirifer, Imbrexia) and camerate (Alloprosallocrinus) and disparid (Halysiocrinus) crinoids. The distributary channel was occupied by a variety of small, short-stemmed advanced inadunates (Abrotocrinus), and the interdistributary mudstones by a great variety of fenestrate (Fenestella)and cystoporate (Cheilotrypa) bryozoans, as well as crinoids and brachiopods. The delta slope community was generally not tiered and consisted primarily of large brachiopods (Orthotetes, Syringothyris) that could remain fixed in position on unstable slopes. The prodeltaic community included a variety of bryozoans (Rhombopora, Cystodictya) and crinoids (Halysiocrinus, Synbathocrinus) as well as gastropods and pelecypods (Bembexia, Phestia, Ctenodonta). The slope community originated by migration down from the platform by some species and up from the prodelta by others. Species diversity a t individual sites on the delta platform range from 47 to 155, on the slope from 2 to 23, and on the prodelta from 35 to 103. INTRODUCTION Kentucky and adjacent Indiana. In order to DURING DEVONIAN and Mississippian time a integrate these various studies and provide a series of deltas gradually filled in large areas regional picture of the Borden fossil commuof shallow marine basins of the eastern interior nities, all three of us conducted field investiof the United States. These deltas began with gations of fossils in the Carwood and Locust the Devonian Catskill delta to the east, folPoint formations in the fall of 1977, thereby lowed by the Devonian-Mississippian Bedproviding needed information on delta slope ford-Berea delta in Ohio, and terminated with communities. In order to provide a regional the Middle Mississippian Borden delta of Inframework within which to set our paleontodiana, Illinois, and Kentucky (Text-fig. 1). logical efforts we undertook construction of Only seaward portions of the Borden delta are iospach maps of total Borden and New Provstill preserved, mainly in the subsurface of idence thicknesses in southern Indiana. Those southern Illinois and southwestern Indiana, maps were constructed using information debut also in a narrow outcrop belt in southern rived from well logs housed in the Petroleum Indiana and Kentucky. The non-marine part Section of the Indiana Geological Survey. of the delta subsequently has been eroded to This is not a taxonomic study. Most of the the north and east, the presumed source difossils reported here are identified only to the rections. The fossil communities of the Borden generic level, especially those from the Cardelta, as exhibited in outcrop in southern and wood and Locust Point. Specific identificacentral Indiana, are the subject of this report. tions of most of the delta platform and proOne of us began study of Borden deltaic deltaic and basinal species are available but communities 15 years ago (Lane, 1963). Subnot reported here because they add little to the sequently, Ausich has studied delta platform overall paleoecological interpretation based on communities in Monroe County and Kammer genera. is conducting research on the prodeltaic and contiguous basinal communities in northern PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK O F THE