Beamforming Galvanic Coupling Signals for IoMT Implant-to-Relay Communication
Beamforming Galvanic Coupling Signals for IoMT Implant-to-Relay Communication
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DOI：
10.1109/jsen.2018.2886561
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Stella Banou;M. Swaminathan;Guillem Reus Muns;Davy Duong;F. Kulsoom;P. Savazzi;A. Vizziello;K. Chowdhury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stella Banou;M. Swaminathan;Guillem Reus Muns;Davy Duong;F. Kulsoom;P. Savazzi;A. Vizziello;K. Chowdhury
植入物有望通过监测和驱动生理功能来彻底改变个性化医疗保健。这种植入物在有限的电池能量、异质组织依赖性通道条件和人类安全法规的挑战性约束下操作。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一个新的跨层协议的电耦合植入物，其中弱电流被用来代替经典的射频链路。作为第一步，我们设计了一种方法，该方法允许多个植入物通过码分多址将个体感测数据彼此通信，结合压缩感测方法以降低传输时间并节省能量，以及将解扩和解码的计算负担仅委托给身体表面继电器。然后，我们设计了一种分布式波束成形方法，通过考虑所选择的特定组织路径和组织加热相关的安全约束，允许从植入物到中继器的协调传输。然后，我们继续实施分布式波束形成的人体组织的幻影，并证明接收信号强度的增加和BER的减少，由于建设性干扰的信号的每个植入物。我们的贡献是双重的：首先，我们设计了一个无冲突的协议，防止在相邻的植入物，特别是对于多个部署不适当的干扰。其次，这是近场分布式波束形成在人体组织中的首次应用。仿真结果显示，与没有波束成形的电流耦合链路相比，植入物的网络寿命显著提高了79%。此外，当使用波束成形时，幻影组织的实现证明了改进的通信度量。
Implants are poised to revolutionize personalized healthcare by monitoring and actuating physiological functions. Such implants operate under challenging constraints of the limited battery energy, heterogeneous tissue-dependent channel conditions, and human-safety regulations. To address these issues, we propose a new cross-layer protocol for galvanic coupled implants, wherein the weak electrical currents are used in place of classical radio frequency links. As the first step, we devise a method that allows multiple implants to communicate individual sensed data to each other through code division multiple access, combined with compressive sensing method to lower the transmission time and save energy, as well as delegates the computational burden of dispreading and decoding only to the on-body surface relays. Then, we devise a distributed beamforming approach that allows coordinated transmissions from the implants to the relays by considering the specific tissue path chosen and tissue heating-related safety constraints. We then proceed to implement distributed beamforming on a phantom of human tissue and prove an increase in received signal strength and a decrease in BER due to constructive interference of the signals of each implant. Our contributions are twofold: First, we devise a collision-free protocol that prevents undue interference at neighboring implants, especially for multiple deployments. Second, this is the first application of near-field distributed beamforming in human tissue. Simulation results reveal significant improvement in the network lifetime for implants of up to 79% compared to the galvanic coupled links without beamforming. In addition, the implementation of phantom tissue proves improved communication metrics when beamforming is used.