Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: key players in Leptospira cycling and transmission?
Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: key players in Leptospira cycling and transmission?
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亚马逊土著社区的家犬：钩端螺旋体循环和传播的关键参与者？
DOI：
10.1101/2023.09.19.558554
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barragán,Verónica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guzmán,DiegoA;Diaz,Eduardo;Sáenz,Carolina;Álvarez,Hernán;Cueva,Rubén;Zapata-Ríos,Galo;Prado-Vivar,Belén;Falconí,Mercy;Pearson,Talima;Barragán,Verónica
钩端螺旋体病是世界上最常见的人畜共患疾病。缓解和控制依赖于病原体鉴定和了解潜在宿主在循环和传播中的作用。漏报和误诊掩盖了问题的严重程度，并使了解主要流行病学组成部分的努力变得混乱。培养的困难阻碍了血清学诊断的使用，并延缓了DNA检测方法的发展。因此，特别是在复杂的生态系统中，我们对不同哺乳动物宿主物种在循环和传播给人类中的重要性知之甚少。方法/主要发现我们从生活在厄瓜多尔亚马逊盆地Yasuní国家公园的五个土著Kichwa社区中取样狗。收集了家犬的血液和尿液样本，以评估这些动物与螺旋体的接触情况，并确定传播的种类。22种不同血清型的显微凝集试验在36只（75%）犬中检测到抗钩端螺旋体抗体，并检测到7种血清型。两项基于dna的检测结果显示，19份狗尿液中有18份含有致病性钩端螺旋体dna（94.7%）。15份尿液样本的16s rrna和secygenes扩增子测序和系统发育分析显示，三种不同的钩端螺旋体中有两种具有遗传多样性：野口（n = 7）， santarosai （n = 7）和拷问（n = 1）。结论/意义抗体和钩端螺旋体dna的高流行率为过去和现在的高感染率提供了强有力的证据。如此高的发病率在犬类中从未有过报道。这些狗生活在家养环境中，与人类密切接触，但它们是自由放养的动物，与野生动物互动。这种复杂的相互作用网络可以解释本研究中观察到的不同类型的致病性钩端螺旋体。我们的研究结果表明，家狗可能在钩端螺旋体的循环和传播中发挥重要作用。未来在生态流行病学复杂地区的研究将有助于更好地分析基因型、环境和宿主特征的意义。
BackgroundLeptospirosis is the world’s most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans.Methodology/principal findingsWe sampled dogs from five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals toLeptospiraand to identify the circulating species. Microscopic Agglutination Tests with a panel of 22 different serovars showed anti-leptospira antibodies in 36 sampled dogs (75%), and 7 serogroups were detected. Two DNA-based detection assays revealed pathogenicLeptospiraDNA in 18 of 19 dog urine samples (94.7%). Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of16S rRNAandSecYgenes from 15 urine samples revealed genetic diversity within two of three differentLeptospiraspecies: noguchii (n = 7), santarosai (n = 7), and interrogans (n = 1).Conclusions/significanceThe high prevalence of antibodies andLeptospiraDNA provides strong evidence for high rates of past and current infections. Such high prevalence has not been previously reported for dogs. These dogs live in the peridomestic environment in close contact with humans, yet they are free-ranging animals that interact with wildlife. This complex web of interactions may explain the diverse types of pathogenicLeptospiraobserved in this study. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are likely to play an important role in the cycling and transmission ofLeptospira. Future studies in areas with complex ecoepidemiology will enable better parsing of the significance of genotypic, environmental, and host characteristics.