Muscle-specific movement-phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability during upper-limb motor execution and motor imagery combined with virtual action observation
Muscle-specific movement-phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability during upper-limb motor execution and motor imagery combined with virtual action observation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135907
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Yoshiyuki Suzuki;Naotsugu Kaneko;Atsushi Sasaki;F. Tanaka;K. Nakazawa;T. Nomura;Matija Milosevic
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文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshiyuki Suzuki;Naotsugu Kaneko;Atsushi Sasaki;F. Tanaka;K. Nakazawa;T. Nomura;Matija Milosevic
人类的皮质脊髓兴奋性可以在想象和/或观察上肢运动任务时得到促进。然而，目前还不清楚在何种程度上的促进水平可能会不同于那些在执行相同的任务。本研究招募了12名身体健全的个体。通过经颅磁刺激初级运动皮层，在（i）休息;（ii）腕关节伸展;（iii）腕关节屈曲过程中诱发桡侧腕伸肌（ECR）和桡侧腕屈肌（FCR）的运动诱发电位（MEP）。比较了以下两组的反应：（1）运动想象与虚拟动作观察相结合（MI + AO;第一人称虚拟手腕运动显示在计算机显示器上，而参与者保持休息并想象这些运动）;和（2）运动执行（ME;参与者伸展或弯曲手腕）。在MI + AO期间，与休息相比，ECR MEP在伸展阶段而不是屈曲阶段被促进，而FCR MEP在屈曲阶段而不是伸展阶段被促进。在ME条件下，相同的，但更大，调制显示为那些在MI + AO，而背景肌肉活动是类似的，在休息阶段的伸展和屈曲阶段的MI + AO条件。我们的研究结果表明，动觉MI，包括想象和观察虚拟的手，可以引起相位依赖性肌肉特异性皮质脊髓促进手腕肌肉，在实际的手伸展和弯曲。此外，我们表明，即使没有肌肉收缩，MI + AO也可以显著促进整体皮质脊髓易化（ME的约20%）。这些发现支持基于计算机图形的运动想象的效用，这可能对脑机接口的康复和发展有影响。
Corticospinal excitability in humans can be facilitated during imagination and/or observation of upper-limb motor tasks. However, it remains unclear to what extent facilitation levels may differ from those elicited during execution of the same tasks. Twelve able-bodied individuals were recruited in this study. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles were elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex during: (i) rest; (ii) wrist extension; and (iii) wrist flexion. Responses were compared between: (1) motor imagery combined with virtual action observation (MI + AO; first-person virtual wrist movements shown on a computer display, while participants remained at rest and imagined these movements); and (2) motor execution (ME; participants extended or flexed their wrist). During MI + AO, ECR MEPs were facilitated during the extension phase but not the flexion phase, while FCR MEPs were facilitated during the flexion phase but not extension phase, compared to rest. During the ME condition, same, but greater, modulations were shown as those during MI + AO, while background muscle activities were similar in the rest phase as during extension and flexion phase in the MI + AO condition. Our results demonstrated that kinesthetic MI that included imagination and observation of virtual hands can elicit phase-dependent muscles-specific corticospinal facilitation of wrist muscles, consistent to those during actual hand extension and flexion. Moreover, we showed that MI + AO can contribute considerably to the overall corticospinal facilitation (∼20 % of ME) even without muscle contractions. These findings support utility of computer graphics-based motor imagery, which may have implications for rehabilitation and development of brain-computer interfaces.