Building theories of knowledge translation interventions: Use the entire menu of constructs
Building theories of knowledge translation interventions: Use the entire menu of constructs
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DOI：
10.1186/1748-5908-7-114
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发表时间：
2012-11-22
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Eva, Kevin W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehaut, Jamie C.;Eva, Kevin W.
背景：在不断发展和推进知识翻译科学（KT）的努力中，一个重要的问题已经出现，即理论应该如何为KT干预措施的发展提供信息。讨论：直到最近，运用理论来更好地理解和改进KT干预措施的努力主要涉及检查现有理论是否可以有效地应用于所讨论的KT背景。与这种一般理论应用方法相反，我们提出了一种“结构菜单”方法，其中可以使用来自任何数量理论的单个结构来构建新理论。通过考虑整个可用结构的菜单，而不是将选择限制在更广泛的理论层面，我们可以利用理论中的知识，这些理论本身永远不会提供KT干预的完整画面，但仍然描述了与之相关的组件或机制。我们还可以避免被迫以一刀切的方式采用来自特定理论的每个结构，而是根据具体情况调整理论应用的努力。以审计和反馈作为KT干预策略的例子，我们描述了认知和教育心理学的各种结构（两种推理模式、认知失调、前馈、理想困难和认知负荷、实践社区和适应性专业知识），并就如何改进这类干预提出了具体建议。摘要：“构念菜单”概念提出了一种方法，通过这种方法，可以采用更广泛的理论构念，包括具有范围的认知理论的构念，使其立即应用于新环境具有挑战性，从而促进更有效的认知行为干预的发展。
Background: In the ongoing effort to develop and advance the science of knowledge translation (KT), an important question has emerged around how theory should inform the development of KT interventions.Discussion: Efforts to employ theory to better understand and improve KT interventions have until recently mostly involved examining whether existing theories can be usefully applied to the KT context in question. In contrast to this general theory application approach, we propose a 'menu of constructs' approach, where individual constructs from any number of theories may be used to construct a new theory. By considering the entire menu of available constructs, rather than limiting choice to the broader level of theories, we can leverage knowledge from theories that would never on their own provide a complete picture of a KT intervention, but that nevertheless describe components or mechanisms relevant to it. We can also avoid being forced to adopt every construct from a particular theory in a one-size-fits-all manner, and instead tailor theory application efforts to the specifics of the situation. Using audit and feedback as an example KT intervention strategy, we describe a variety of constructs (two modes of reasoning, cognitive dissonance, feed forward, desirable difficulties and cognitive load, communities of practice, and adaptive expertise) from cognitive and educational psychology that make concrete suggestions about ways to improve this class of intervention.Summary: The 'menu of constructs' notion suggests an approach whereby a wider range of theoretical constructs, including constructs from cognitive theories with scope that makes the immediate application to the new context challenging, may be employed to facilitate development of more effective KT interventions.