Instantaneous energetics of puma kills reveal advantage of felid sneak attacks
Instantaneous energetics of puma kills reveal advantage of felid sneak attacks
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1254885
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发表时间：
2014-10-03
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Wilmers, Christopher C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, Terrie M.;Wolfe, Lisa;Wilmers, Christopher C.
美洲狮(美洲狮)生活在多样化的、通常是崎岖的、复杂的栖息地。它们花费在狩猎上的能量必须考虑到这种复杂性，但对于这种和其他大型、神秘的食肉动物来说，很难衡量。我们开发并部署了一种生理智能(物种移动、加速和无线电跟踪)项圈，它使用加速度计来持续监测自由放养的美洲狮的能量、运动和行为。这种猫科动物在捕食活动中表现出明显的个性，从低成本的坐等行为到持续的运动，平均能量成本是奔跑哺乳动物预测的2.3倍。美洲狮通过保持神秘和精确地匹配最大跳跃力量(整体动态身体加速度=5.3到16.1g)来降低这些成本。这种瞬时能量学有助于解释为什么大多数猫科动物会跟踪和突袭，他们的分析代表了一种强大的方法，可以准确预测大型移动捕食者生存所需的资源需求。
Pumas (Puma concolor) live in diverse, often rugged, complex habitats. The energy they expend for hunting must account for this complexity but is difficult to measure for this and other large, cryptic carnivores. We developed and deployed a physiological SMART (species movement, acceleration, and radio tracking) collar that used accelerometry to continuously monitor energetics, movements, and behavior of free-ranging pumas. This felid species displayed marked individuality in predatory activities, ranging from low-cost sit-and-wait behaviors to constant movements with energetic costs averaging 2.3 times those predicted for running mammals. Pumas reduce these costs by remaining cryptic and precisely matching maximum pouncing force (overall dynamic body acceleration = 5.3 to 16.1g) to prey size. Such instantaneous energetics help to explain why most felids stalk and pounce, and their analysis represents a powerful approach for accurately forecasting resource demands required for survival by large, mobile predators.