Trust, Trustworthiness, and Information Sharing in Supply Chains Bridging China and the U.S.-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.2139/ssrn.2160808

发表时间：

2017

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

Ö. Özer;Yanchong Zheng;Yufei Ren

集体主义社会之间的信任和可信度是否以及如何发生变化，例如，中国，以及个人主义者，例如，美国，产生了许多正在进行的科学辩论，并对管理跨国交易具有重要的实用价值。我们通过实验研究了供应链成员的原产国-中国与美国-在跨国供应链中的信任，可信度和战略信息共享行为。我们考虑一个两层供应链，其中上游供应商征求需求预测信息的零售商计划生产，但零售商有动机操纵她的预测，以确保充足的供应。供应链中的信任和可信赖程度以及供应商确定最佳生产数量的能力影响预测共享的效率和由此产生的利润。我们开发了一个实验设计来解开这三个方面，并允许地理上遥远的和文化上异质的参与者之间的实时互动。我们观察到，当没有长期互动的前景时，我们的中国参与者始终表现出比美国同行更低的自发信任和可信赖性。我们量化了两国之间的信任和可信度的差异，以及对供应链效率的影响。我们还发现，中国人对美国伴侣表现出比中国人更高的自发信任，主要是因为他们认为美国人总体上更信任和值得信赖。这种对美国人的积极看法确实与美国参与者在预测分享中的行为一致。此外，我们量化了中国供应链从重复互动中获得的效率比美国供应链更高，因为建立长期关系的前景成功地维持了中国合作伙伴的信任和可信赖性。我们主张企业可以加强中国人对西方人的积极看法，并致力于建立长期关系，以鼓励中国合作伙伴的信任。最后，我们还证明了两个群体在解决不确定性决策问题时表现出相似的拉向中心偏差（即，报童问题）。我们使用了2（自己的原籍国：中国与美国）× 2（合作伙伴的原籍国：中国与美国）× 2（高生产成本与低生产成本）受试者间设计;即，我们一共进行了八次治疗。治疗标签遵循惯例S i R j C k。S（R）的下标表示供应商（零售商）的原产国，C的下标表示成本条件。这些处理方法代表了与原产国有关的四种供应链配置：美国供应链、中国供应链、中国供应商-美国零售商供应链和美国供应商-中国零售商供应链。我们检查两个成本条件来研究国家效应的鲁棒性。每个参与者只参与其中一种治疗。在每次治疗中，参与者首先

Whether and how trust and trustworthiness diﬀer between a collectivist society, e.g., China, and an individualistic one, e.g., the U.S., generate much ongoing scientiﬁc debate and bear signiﬁcant practical values for managing cross-country transactions. We experimentally investigate how supply chain members’ countries of origin – China versus the U.S. – aﬀect trust, trustworthiness, and strategic information sharing behavior in a cross-country supply chain. We consider a two-tier supply chain in which the upstream supplier solicits demand forecast information from the retailer to plan production; but the retailer has an incentive to manipulate her forecast to ensure abundant supply. The levels of trust and trustworthiness in the supply chain and supplier’s capability to determine the optimal production quantity aﬀect the eﬃcacy of forecast sharing and the resulting proﬁts. We develop an experimental design to disentangle these three aspects and to allow for real-time interactions between geographically distant and culturally heterogeneous participants. We observe that, when there is no prospect for long-term interactions, our Chinese participants consistently exhibit lower spontaneous trust and trustworthiness than their U.S. counterparts do. We quantify the diﬀerences in trust and trustworthiness between the two countries, and the resulting impact on supply chain eﬃciency. We also show that Chinese individuals exhibit higher spontaneous trust towards U.S. partners than Chinese ones, primarily because they perceive that individuals from the U.S. are more trusting and trustworthy in general. This positive perception towards U.S. people is indeed consistent with the U.S. participants’ behavior in forecast sharing. In addition, we quantify that a Chinese supply chain enjoys a larger eﬃciency gain from repeated interactions than a U.S. one does, as the prospect of building a long-term relationship successfully sustains trust and trustworthiness by Chinese partners. We advocate that companies can reinforce the positive perception of Westerners held by the Chinese population and commit to long-term relationships to encourage trust by Chinese partners. Finally, we also demonstrate that both populations exhibit similar pull-to-center bias when solving a decision problem under uncertainty (i.e., the newsvendor problem).* We used a 2 (self country of origin: China versus the U.S.) × 2 (partner’s country of origin: China versus the U.S.) × 2 (high versus low production cost) between-subject design; i.e., we had eight treatments in total. The treatment labels follow the convention S i R j C k . The subscript for S (R) indicates the supplier’s (retailer’s) country of origin, and the subscript for C indicates the cost condition. These treatments represent four supply chain conﬁgurations regarding country of origin: a U.S. supply chain, a Chinese supply chain, a Chinese supplier – U.S. retailer supply chain, and a U.S. supplier – Chinese retailer supply chain. We examine two cost conditions to study the robustness of the country eﬀects. Each participant part in only one of the treatments. In each treatment, participants ﬁrst

Trust, Trustworthiness, and Information Sharing in Supply Chains Bridging China and the U.S.

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