Rapid transformation of tundra ecosystems from ice-wedge degradation
Rapid transformation of tundra ecosystems from ice-wedge degradation
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冰楔退化导致苔原生态系统快速转变
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103921
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Boldenow, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jorgenson, M.T.;Kanevskiy, M.Z.;Jorgenson, J.C.;Liljedahl, A.;Shur, Y.;Epstein, H.;Kent, K.;Griffin, C.G.;Daanen, R.;Boldenow, M.
冰楔是一种常见的大块地面冰，通常占北极上部永久冻土体积的10-30%，特别容易因气候变暖而融化。在评估阿拉斯加东北部冰楔退化的模式和速度，我们发现退化是广泛的，并迅速改变微地形，水文，土壤，地面冰，苔原生态系统的植被通过一系列的退化和稳定阶段。在一个广泛的测绘区域（30平方公里），2018年，具有开放水域（退化-高级）的热岩溶槽和坑覆盖了整体的0.7%和最古老地形的1.6%。在一个集中的热岩溶区（0.5平方公里）内，未退化和退化的冰楔共同覆盖了29%的面积，所有退化阶段的面积从1950年的2%增加到2018年的19%。初始降解在2000年达到9%的峰值，初始稳定在2018年达到12%的面积，这表明降解减缓并向稳定过渡。随着水槽的扩大和连接，排水网络的整合和重组减少了地表水的蓄积，有助于减缓退化。退化造成了微地形、槽宽、水深、楔冰深度、pH值、土壤和地冰特性以及各阶段之间的热状况的巨大变化。群落组成完全从未退化阶段草丛冻原中落叶灌木和万年青灌木的优势地位转移到退化后期淹水洼地中水生苔藓和杂类草的优势地位。土壤滑塌沿着槽边缘和水生苔藓快速殖民停止退化，和水生莎草成为占主导地位的稳定初始阶段。在稳定先进，水生苔藓坚持和湿适应杂类草，莎草，苔藓的多样性增加。然而，恢复到草丛苔原是不可能的。这种十年尺度的转变对北极土地覆盖、冻土带生产力、湖泊扩张和排水、土壤碳平衡、痕量气体排放以及驯鹿和鸟类种群都有重大影响。
Ice wedges are a common form of massive ground ice that typically occupy 10–30% of the volume of upper permafrost in the Arctic and are particularly vulnerable to thawing from climate warming. In assessing the patterns and rates of ice-wedge degradation in northeastern Alaska, we found degradation was widespread and rapidly transforming the microtopography, hydrology, soils, ground ice, and vegetation of tundra ecosystems through a sequence of degradation and stabilization stages. Across an extensive mapping area (30 km2), thermokarst troughs and pits with open water (degradation-advanced) covered 0.7% overall and 1.6% in the oldest terrain in 2018. Within an area (0.5 km2) of concentrated thermokarst, undegraded and degraded ice wedges together covered 29% of the area, and all degradation stages combined increased from 2% in 1950 to 19% area in 2018. Initial degradation peaked at 9% in 2000 and initial stabilization was trending upward at 12% area in 2018, indicating slowing degradation and a transition to stabilization. Integration and reorganization of the drainage network as troughs expanded and connected reduced impounded surface water and helped slow degradation. Degradation created large changes in microtopography, trough widths, water depths, depth to wedge ice, pH, soil and ground ice characteristics, and thermal regimes among stages. Community composition completely shifted from dominance of deciduous and evergreen shrubs in tussock tundra in the undegraded stage to dominance of aquatic mosses and forbs in flooded depressions in degradation-advanced stage. Soil slumping along trough margins and rapid colonization by aquatic mosses halted the degradation, and aquatic sedges became dominant in the stabilization-initial stage. In stabilization-advanced, aquatic mosses persisted and the diversity of wet-adapted forbs, sedges, and mosses increased. Recovery back to tussock tundra, however, is unlikely. This decadal-scale transformation has major implications for arctic land cover, tundra productivity, lake expansion and drainage, soil‑carbon balance, trace-gas emissions, and caribou and bird populations.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Fortier, Daniel;Allard, Michel;Shur, Yuri
通讯作者：
Shur, Yuri
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Negandhi K;Laurion I;Whiticar MJ;Galand PE;Xu X;Lovejoy C
通讯作者：
Lovejoy C
阿拉斯加北部沿海平原和北极国家野生动物保护区山麓的工程地质图
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. D. Carter;O. J. Ferrians;J. Galloway
通讯作者：
J. Galloway
DOI：
10.3390/rs13040558
发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
Remote. Sens.
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Witharana;Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan;A. Liljedahl;M. Kanevskiy;T. Jorgenson;B. Jones;R. Daanen;H. Epstein;C. Griffin;K. Kent;Melissa K. Ward Jones
通讯作者：
C. Witharana;Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan;A. Liljedahl;M. Kanevskiy;T. Jorgenson;B. Jones;R. Daanen;H. Epstein;C. Griffin;K. Kent;Melissa K. Ward Jones
影响因子：
42.1
作者：
B. Jones;G. Grosse;L. Farquharson;P. Roy-Léveillée;A. Veremeeva;M. Kanevskiy;B. Gaglioti;A. Breen;A. Parsekian;M. Ulrich;K. Hinkel
通讯作者：
B. Jones;G. Grosse;L. Farquharson;P. Roy-Léveillée;A. Veremeeva;M. Kanevskiy;B. Gaglioti;A. Breen;A. Parsekian;M. Ulrich;K. Hinkel