Interaction with Volumetric Displays
Interaction with Volumetric Displays
复制标题
与体积显示的交互
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tovi Grossman
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tovi Grossman
近 50 年来，研究人员一直在探索使用立体显示器来可视化三维 (3D) 数据并与之交互。不幸的是，许多不利的质量特性阻碍了传统 3D 显示器的广泛采用。体积显示器是最新出现的一类 3D 显示器，拥有独特的功能，使其更适合集成到工作场所、教室甚至家庭环境中。在本论文中，我们研究将体积显示作为 3D 应用程序的交互平台。
我们确定了体积显示器独有的固有可供性，例如其真正的 3D 显示体积、360° 视角和封闭表面。识别这些属性揭示了我们调查的人为因素问题和我们解决的交互问题。首先，我们评估用户感知体积显示器显示的图像的能力。在正式的实验中，我们表明与更传统的平台相比，深度感知可以得到改善。然后，我们进行了一项实验，评估用户在 3D 旋转下阅读文本的能力，并提出一种新算法，可以在多个用户查看时优化文本旋转。接下来，我们研究用户在显示器中选择 3D 图像的能力。结果表明，定义对象深度的维度对用户性能的限制与目标的其他两个维度一样多，甚至更多。这促使我们探索对用户限制较少的替代选择方法。我们定义了一套新的选择技术，其中一些技术与 3D 用户界面中传统使用的技术相比具有显着的优势。接下来，我们描述了第一个工作交互式应用程序的开发，其中体积显示器是唯一的输入和显示设备。该应用程序让人们初步了解当今体积显示器上的图形用户界面可能是什么样子。然后，我们开发了一个原型应用程序，允许多个用户同时与体积显示进行交互。我们讨论并解决与提供此类协作用户界面相关的核心问题，并报告从使用会议和专家访谈中获得的反馈。
For almost 50 years, researchers have been exploring the use of stereoscopic displays for visualizing and interacting with three-dimensional (3D) data. Unfortunately, a number of unfavorable qualitative properties have impeded the wide-spread adoption of traditional 3D displays. The volumetric display, a more recent class of 3D display to emerge, possesses unique features which potentially makes it more suitable for integration into workplace, classroom, and even home environments. In this dissertation we investigate volumetric displays as an interactive platform for 3D applications.
We identify the inherent affordances unique to volumetric displays, such as their true 3D display volume, 360° viewing angle, and enclosing surface. Identifying these properties exposes human factor issues which we investigate and interaction issues which we address. First, we evaluate the user's ability perceive imagery displayed by a volumetric display. In a formal experiment, we show that depth perception can be improved, in comparison to more traditional platforms. We then perform an experiment which evaluates users' ability to read text under 3D rotations, and present a new algorithm which optimizes text rotation when viewed my multiple users. Next, we investigate the user's ability to select 3D imagery within the display. Results show that the dimension defining the depth of the object can constrain user performance as much as or more than the other two dimensions of the target. This leads us to explore alternative methods of selection which are less constraining to the user. We define a suite of new selection techniques, of which several are found to have significant benefits in comparison to techniques traditionally used in 3D user interfaces. Next, we describe our development of the first working interactive application, where a volumetric display is the sole device for input and display. The application presents a first glance at what the equivalent of today's graphical user interface might be on a volumetric display. We then develop a prototype application which allows multiple users to simultaneously interact with the volumetric display. We discuss and address the core issues related to providing such a collaborative user interface, and report feedback obtained from usage sessions and expert interviews.