Human Decision-Making under Limited Time
Human Decision-Making under Limited Time
复制标题
有限时间下的人类决策
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Stocker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pedro A. Ortega;A. Stocker
主观期望效用理论假设决策者拥有无限的计算资源来推理他们的选择;然而，实际上日常生活中的所有决策都是在资源约束下做出的-即决策者的理性是有限的。在这里，我们通过实验测试了基于统计力学和信息论思想的有限理性的形式化所做的预测。我们系统地测试了人类受试者在不同时间限制下解决组合谜题的能力。我们发现，我们的有限理性模型很好地解释了数据。拟合模型参数分解为受试者的预期效用函数和资源参数提供了有趣的洞察受试者的信息容量限制。我们的研究结果证实，当面临越来越多的资源限制时，人类会逐渐回到他们学习的优先选择模式。
Subjective expected utility theory assumes that decision-makers possess unlimited computational resources to reason about their choices; however, virtually all decisions in everyday life are made under resource constraints - i.e. decision-makers are bounded in their rationality. Here we experimentally tested the predictions made by a formalization of bounded rationality based on ideas from statistical mechanics and information-theory. We systematically tested human subjects in their ability to solve combinatorial puzzles under different time limitations. We found that our bounded-rational model accounts well for the data. The decomposition of the fitted model parameter into the subjects' expected utility function and resource parameter provide interesting insight into the subjects' information capacity limits. Our results confirm that humans gradually fall back on their learned prior choice patterns when confronted with increasing resource limitations.