TOBACCO DEPENDENCE, RESTRAINT AND TIME TO THE 1ST CIGARETTE OF THE DAY
TOBACCO DEPENDENCE, RESTRAINT AND TIME TO THE 1ST CIGARETTE OF THE DAY
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DOI：
10.1016/0306-4603(81)90044-7
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
HARFORD, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KOZLOWSKI, LT;DIRECTOR, J;HARFORD, MA
吸烟者每天抽第一支烟所需的分钟数作为一个有用的主题分类变量进行了讨论。其他研究人员提出，几乎所有吸烟者都依赖（尼古丁），而那些表现得不依赖的人（例如，不立即在早上吸烟）正在积极地控制他们的香烟摄入量。研究1表明，许多推迟吸烟的吸烟者与其说是在克制自己不抽想抽的香烟，不如说是在避免吸一种特别有害的香烟；尿液pH值的个体差异并不能解释一些吸烟者在早晨对烟草的敏感性。研究2表明，早期吸烟者比后期吸烟者更依赖烟草，因为早期吸烟者在吸烟治疗计划中戒烟的可能性较小。
The number of minutes it takes for a smoker to have the 1st cigarette of the day is discussed as a useful, subject-classifying variable. Other researchers have proposed that almost all smokers are dependent (on nicotine) and that those who behave as if they are not (e.g., by not smoking immediately in the morning) are actively restraining their cigarette intake. Study 1 shows that many smokers who delay their smoking are not so much restraining themselves from a desired cigarette as they are avoiding an especially noxious one; individual differences in urinary pH do not account for the sensitivity of some smokers to tobacco in the morning. Study 2 indicates that early smokers are more dependent on tobacco than are the later smokers, in that early smokers in a smoking-treatment program are less likely to be able to quit smoking.