Scaling behavior of electron decoherence in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Scaling behavior of electron decoherence in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-33078-2
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发表时间:
2022-09-17
影响因子:
16.6
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中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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在过去的20年里,人们已经做出了很多努力来理解和控制二维电子系统中的退相干。特别是,在砷化镓异质结构中已经考虑了几种类型的电子干涉仪,以保护干涉电子免受退相干的影响。然而,现在人们明白,一些内在的退相干源从根本上限制了更先进的量子操作。在此,我们表明石墨烯提供了一种独特的可能性,可以达到退相干被冻结的状态,并研究电子干涉测量中尚未探索的状态。我们探测了石墨烯量子霍尔PN结中电子通道的退相干,形成了一个马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪,并揭示了干涉可见度的衰减与由干涉仪长度标度的温度之间的标度行为。它呈现出一种显著的转变,从较高温度下的指数衰减到较低温度下几乎没有退相干发生的代数衰减,这是一种在砷化镓干涉仪中以前未观察到的状态。 量子霍尔边缘通道为研究电子干涉提供了一个平台,然而理解这些系统中的退相干仍然是一个未解决的问题。乔等人在石墨烯量子霍尔pn结中形成的电子马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪中实现了一种抑制退相干的状态。
Over the past 20 years, many efforts have been made to understand and control decoherence in 2D electron systems. In particular, several types of electronic interferometers have been considered in GaAs heterostructures, in order to protect the interfering electrons from decoherence. Nevertheless, it is now understood that several intrinsic decoherence sources fundamentally limit more advanced quantum manipulations. Here, we show that graphene offers a unique possibility to reach a regime where the decoherence is frozen and to study unexplored regimes of electron interferometry. We probe the decoherence of electron channels in a graphene quantum Hall PN junction, forming a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and unveil a scaling behavior of decay of the interference visibility with the temperature scaled by the interferometer length. It exhibits a remarkable crossover from an exponential decay at higher temperature to an algebraic decay at lower temperature where almost no decoherence occurs, a regime previously unobserved in GaAs interferometers. Quantum Hall edge channels provide a platform to study electron interference, however understanding decoherence in these systems remains an open problem. Jo et al. realize a regime of suppressed decoherence in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed in a graphene quantum Hall pn junction.
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