Consumer adaptation mediates top–down regulation across a productivity gradient
Consumer adaptation mediates top–down regulation across a productivity gradient
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-019-04401-4
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Chislock;O. Sarnelle;Lauren M Jernigan;Vernon R. Anderson;A. Abebe;Alan E. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Chislock;O. Sarnelle;Lauren M Jernigan;Vernon R. Anderson;A. Abebe;Alan E. Wilson
人类通过增加营养负荷，在全球范围内人为地提高了陆地和水生生态系统的生产力。虽然富营养化的后果是众所周知的（例如，有害的藻华和有毒的蓝藻），但大多数研究倾向于研究相对于遗传适应性变化的时间尺度的短期反应。因此，生物在稳定生态系统对这种扰动的反应方面的适应的潜在作用在很大程度上是未知的。我们测试了一个假设，即一个多能型消费者（水蚤）对有毒猎物（蓝藻）的适应介导了浮游生物群落对营养富集的反应。总体而言，水蚤自上而下对初级生产者生物量的影响强度随着生产力的增加而增加。然而，这些影响取决于猎物特征（例如，稀有vs常见有毒蓝藻）和消费者基因型（即，对有毒蓝藻耐受vs敏感）。在营养丰富的池塘中，耐受性水蚤对有毒蓝藻有很强的抑制作用，而敏感性水蚤则没有。相比之下，当有毒蓝藻不存在时，耐受性和敏感性水蚤菌型对生产者生物量的影响相当。我们的研究结果表明，生物适应对于理解和预测人为环境扰动对生态系统水平的影响至关重要。
Humans have artificially enhanced the productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems on a global scale by increasing nutrient loading. While the consequences of eutrophication are well known (e.g., harmful algal blooms and toxic cyanobacteria), most studies tend to examine short-term responses relative to the time scales of heritable adaptive change. Thus, the potential role of adaptation by organisms in stabilizing the response of ecological systems to such perturbations is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that adaptation by a generalist consumer (Daphnia pulicaria) to toxic prey (cyanobacteria) mediates the response of plankton communities to nutrient enrichment. Overall, the strength ofDaphnia’s top–down effect on primary producer biomass increased with productivity. However, these effects were contingent on prey traits (e.g., rare vs. common toxic cyanobacteria) and consumer genotype (i.e., tolerant vs sensitive to toxic cyanobacteria). TolerantDaphniastrongly suppressed toxic cyanobacteria in nutrient-rich ponds, but sensitiveDaphniadid not. In contrast, both tolerant and sensitiveDaphniagenotypes had comparable effects on producer biomass when toxic cyanobacteria were absent. Our results demonstrate that organismal adaptation is critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem-level consequences of anthropogenic environmental perturbations.