Veterinarian 'responsibility': conflicts of definition and appropriation surrounding the public problem of antimicrobial resistance in France
Veterinarian 'responsibility': conflicts of definition and appropriation surrounding the public problem of antimicrobial resistance in France
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DOI：
10.1057/s41599-019-0273-2
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发表时间：
2019-06-18
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Fortane, Nicolas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fortane, Nicolas
在过去的十年里，兽医被指责对畜牧业中过度使用抗生素负有主要责任。基于Gusfield的理论观点，我分析了如何将AMR视为一个公共问题，并展示了法国兽医行业如何能够以一种不再被视为威胁的方式重新构建它，而是将其视为公共健康的保护者。基于对政治利益相关者和兽医从业人员的采访，以及对兽医媒体的调查，本文将构成AMR问题的争议解释为关于抗生素合法使用的定义和拨款的冲突。兽医们不得不做出重大妥协，以重新定义他们的责任，而不是失去对抗生素处方和销售的控制。这种动态是一个三阶段过程的结果：首先，兽医责任被视为一种所有权形式，在这种形式下，他们确定抗生素合法使用的权力没有争议；第二，它被认为是一种罪行，剥夺了他们的合法性和行动能力；第三，它被定义为一种问责制，使他们能够证明自己是公共卫生监护人的作用。在最近的阶段——这与目前的抗生素耐药性问题框架相对应——兽医不得不接受，抗生素合法使用的控制和定义需要在比过去更广泛的参与者中进行分配。
Over the past decade, veterinarians have been accused of being largely responsible for the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming. Building on Gusfield's theoretical perspective, I analyse how AMR can be conceived as a public problem and show how the French veterinary profession has been able to reframe it in such a way that veterinarians are no longer perceived as a threat but instead as protectors of public health. Based on interviews with political stakeholders and veterinary practitioners, as well as on a survey of the veterinary press, this article interprets the controversies that structure the AMR problem as conflicts of definition and appropriation with regard to the legitimate uses of antibiotics. Veterinarians have had to make significant compromises in order to reframe their responsibility and not lose control over the prescription and sale of antibiotics. This dynamic is the result of a three-stage process: firstly, veterinarian responsibility was conceived as a form of ownership where their authority to define the legitimate use of antibiotics was not contested; secondly, it was deemed to be a form of guilt whereby they were dispossessed of their legitimacy and capacity to act; thirdly, it was framed as a form of accountability where they were able to demonstrate their role as public health guardians. During this most recent stage - which corresponds to the present framework of the AMR problem -veterinarians have had to accept that the control and definition of legitimate uses of antibiotics needs to be distributed among a wider range of actors than was the case in the past.