Plant Translation Factors and Virus Resistance.
Plant Translation Factors and Virus Resistance.
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DOI：
10.3390/v7072778
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发表时间：
2015-06-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sanfaçon H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sanfaçon H
植物病毒不仅需要细胞翻译因子来翻译病毒RNA，还需要细胞翻译因子来调节病毒RNA的复制，增强病毒RNA的局部和系统运动。由于病毒对细胞翻译因子的依赖性，许多天然植物隐性抗性基因已被定位于翻译起始因子eIF4E和eIF4G或其同工型eIFiso4E和eIFiso4G的突变，这也许并不奇怪。这些同种型的部分功能冗余允许特异性突变或敲低一种同种型以提供病毒抗性而不妨碍植物的一般健康。在对其他植物翻译因子（eIF 4A样解旋酶、eIF 3、eEF 1A和eEF 1B）进行表征后，也确定了抗病毒策略的新可能靶点，这些因子特异性地与病毒RNA和蛋白质相互作用并调节感染循环的各个方面。新出现的证据表明，翻译抑制作为一种替代的抗病毒RNA沉默机制进行了讨论。了解控制天然病毒抗性发展的机制以及响应这些植物防御反应的毒性分离物的出现将为选择新的抗性来源和广谱持久的工程抗性的智能设计提供基础。
Plant viruses recruit cellular translation factors not only to translate their viral RNAs but also to regulate their replication and potentiate their local and systemic movement. Because of the virus dependence on cellular translation factors, it is perhaps not surprising that many natural plant recessive resistance genes have been mapped to mutations of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G or their isoforms, eIFiso4E and eIFiso4G. The partial functional redundancy of these isoforms allows specific mutation or knock-down of one isoform to provide virus resistance without hindering the general health of the plant. New possible targets for antiviral strategies have also been identified following the characterization of other plant translation factors (eIF4A-like helicases, eIF3, eEF1A and eEF1B) that specifically interact with viral RNAs and proteins and regulate various aspects of the infection cycle. Emerging evidence that translation repression operates as an alternative antiviral RNA silencing mechanism is also discussed. Understanding the mechanisms that control the development of natural viral resistance and the emergence of virulent isolates in response to these plant defense responses will provide the basis for the selection of new sources of resistance and for the intelligent design of engineered resistance that is broad-spectrum and durable.