Patterns of virus growth across the diversity of life
Patterns of virus growth across the diversity of life
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DOI：
10.1093/intbio/zyab001
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发表时间：
2021-02-22
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Yin，John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin，Tianyi;Yin，John
尽管自然栖息地中的病毒加起来不到10%的生物量，但它们贡献了90%以上的基因组序列。这些病毒序列或“病毒体”编码了存在于地球海洋[，]和陆地环境[，]的病毒，它们的感染影响了不同生态位和规模的生命[，]，包括人类[-]。大多数病毒还没有被分离和培养[-]，令人惊讶的是，很少有努力探索对现有数据的分析可能揭示它们的性质。在这里，我们汇编和分析了来自六个主要家族的病毒70年的一步生长和其他数据，包括它们对古生菌、细菌和真核宿主的感染[-]。我们发现，利用寄主细胞生物量生产病毒的古生菌最高，为10%，其次是细菌，为1%，真核生物为0.01%，这突显了古生菌和细菌病毒利用其宿主细胞的程度。对于单个宿主细胞，病毒后代的产量跨越了相对较窄的范围(每个细胞10-1000个感染颗粒)，而最小和最大细胞之间的大小相差百万倍。此外，健康和受感染的宿主细胞在繁殖自身或其病毒后代所需的时间上非常相似。具体地说，健康细胞的倍增时间和感染细胞病毒释放的延迟时间不仅相关(r=0.71，p=10−10，n=101)；它们也跨越了同样的范围，从几十分钟到大约一周。这些结果对于更好地理解病毒在复杂的自然栖息地中的生长、传播和持久性具有重要意义，这些栖息地含有丰富的不同宿主，包括人类及其相关微生物。
Although viruses in their natural habitats add up to less than 10% of the biomass, they contribute more than 90% of the genome sequences . These viral sequences or ‘viromes’ encode viruses that populate the Earth’s oceans [, ] and terrestrial environments [, ], where their infections impact life across diverse ecological niches and scales [, ], including humans [–]. Most viruses have yet to be isolated and cultured [–], and surprisingly few efforts have explored what analysis of available data might reveal about their nature. Here, we compiled and analyzed seven decades of one-step growth and other data for viruses from six major families, including their infections of archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic hosts [–]. We found that the use of host cell biomass for virus production was highest for archaea at 10%, followed by bacteria at 1% and eukarya at 0.01%, highlighting the degree to which viruses of archaea and bacteria exploit their host cells. For individual host cells, the yield of virus progeny spanned a relatively narrow range (10–1000 infectious particles per cell) compared with the million-fold difference in size between the smallest and largest cells. Furthermore, healthy and infected host cells were remarkably similar in the time they needed to multiply themselves or their virus progeny. Specifically, the doubling time of healthy cells and the delay time for virus release from infected cells were not only correlated (r =0.71,p <10−10,n =101); they also spanned the same range from tens of minutes to about a week. These results have implications for better understanding the growth, spread and persistence of viruses in complex natural habitats that abound with diverse hosts, including humans and their associated microbes.