Middle Jurassic origin in India: a new look at evolution of Vermileonidae and time-scaled relationships of lower brachyceran flies
Middle Jurassic origin in India: a new look at evolution of Vermileonidae and time-scaled relationships of lower brachyceran flies
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DOI：
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab042
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发表时间：
2021-08-23
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Yang，Ding
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang，Liang;Ding，Shuangmei;Yang，Ding
蠕虫科(蠕虫科)由12属61种被描述，是双翅目昆虫中最奇怪和最罕见的科之一。蠕虫科的幼虫以捕食陷阱行为而闻名，而成虫则很少见。在这里，我们第一次报道了虱科成员的完整线粒体基因组。根据该目的代表性样本进行的系统发育重建揭示了蠕虫科与其他低等短角类苍蝇成员之间的关系的新见解。支持蝇科和食蝇科之间的姊妹群关系，较高级别的分支关系是Tabonomforma+(蝇形目+层肌形目)。结合线粒体基因组数据，结合形态系统学、地理分布和地质史，我们提出蝇科起源于中侏罗世的印度，在晚侏罗世通过陆桥传播到非洲，在渐新世晚期印度与劳亚大陆碰撞后传播到古北区，并在中新世早期通过北大西洋或柏林纪的陆桥传播到新北区。潮湿的森林地区已被证明是它们扩散的障碍，这解释了它们为什么没有出现在中非、南美洲和北美东部。
Vermileonidae (wormlions) comprises 61 described species in 12 genera and is one of the oddest and most rarely collected dipteran families. Larvae of Vermileonidae are famous for their pitfall prey behaviour, whereas the adults are rarely seen. Here we report, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome from members of Vermileonidae. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on a representative sampling of the order reveals new insights into relationships between the Vermileonidae and other members of lower brachyceran flies. A sister-group relationship between Vermileonidae and Xylophagidae is supported, and the higher-level clade relationships are Tabanomorpha + (Muscomorpha + (Xylophagomorpha + Stratiomyomorpha)). Combining mitochondrial genome data with a morphological phylogeny, geographical distribution and geological history, we propose that the Vermileonidae originated in India during the Middle Jurassic, spreading to Africa via land bridges during the Late Jurassic, to the Palaearctic after the collision of India with Laurasia in the Late Oligocene, and to the Nearctic in the Early Miocene, via either North Atlantic or Beringian land bridges. Wet forested regions have proved to be barriers to their dispersal, explaining their absence from Central Africa, South America and eastern North America.