Identification of an Intra- and Inter-specific Tear Protein Signal in Rodents
Identification of an Intra- and Inter-specific Tear Protein Signal in Rodents
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.060
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Mai Tsunoda;Kazunari Miyamichi;R. Eguchi;Y. Sakuma;Y. Yoshihara;T. Kikusui;M. Kuwahara;K. Touhara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mai Tsunoda;Kazunari Miyamichi;R. Eguchi;Y. Sakuma;Y. Yoshihara;T. Kikusui;M. Kuwahara;K. Touhara
啮齿动物利用犁鼻嗅觉系统从外部环境中获取种间和种内信息并采取适当的行动。例如，来自捕食者物种的尿蛋白引起小鼠的回避，而来自雄性小鼠的尿蛋白则吸引雌性小鼠。除了尿蛋白外，最近的研究还强调了泪液蛋白在小鼠种内通讯中的重要性。然而，其他物种的泪液是否也介导社会信号仍然未知。在这里，我们表明，大鼠（小鼠的捕食者）的泪腺蛋白，称为胱抑素相关蛋白1（ratCRP 1），激活犁鼻系统的小鼠。这种蛋白质由成年雄性大鼠以类固醇激素依赖的方式特异性产生，激活雌性大鼠的犁鼻系统，并增强停止行为。当被小鼠检测到时，ratCRP 1激活内侧下丘脑防御回路，导致运动减少，体温和心率降低。值得注意的是，ratCRP 1被多种鼠2型犁鼻受体识别，包括Vmn 2 r28。CRISPR/Cas9介导的vmn 2 r28缺失损害了大鼠CRP 1诱导的下丘脑中枢神经激活和小鼠运动活性的降低。总之，这些数据揭示了大鼠泪液化合物影响小鼠行为的神经和分子基础。此外，我们的研究揭示了一种情况下，在一个单一的化合物，介导的捕食物种的种内信号也作为一个种间信号的猎物物种。
Rodents use the vomeronasal olfactory system to acquire both inter- and intra-specific information from the external environment and take appropriate actions. For example, urinary proteins from predator species elicit avoidance in mice, while those from male mice attract female mice. In addition to urinary proteins, recent studies have highlighted the importance of lacrimal proteins for intra-specific communications in mice. However, whether the tear fluid of other species also mediates social signals remains unknown. Here, we show that a lacrimal protein in rats (predators of mice), called cystatin-related protein 1 (ratCRP1), activates the vomeronasal system of mice. This protein is specifically produced by adult male rats in a steroid hormone-dependent manner, activates the vomeronasal system of female rats, and enhances stopping behavior. When detected by mice, ratCRP1 activates the medial hypothalamic defensive circuit, resulting in decreased locomotion coupled with lowered body temperature and heart rate. Notably, ratCRP1 is recognized by multiple murine type 2 vomeronasal receptors, including Vmn2r28. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion ofvmn2r28impaired both ratCRP1-induced neural activation of the hypothalamic center and decrease of locomotor activity in mice. Taken together, these data reveal the neural and molecular basis by which a tear fluid compound in rats affects the behavior of mice. Furthermore, our study reveals a case in which a single compound that mediates an intra-specific signal in a predator species also functions as an inter-specific signal in the prey species.