Reinforcing and subjective effects of caffeine in normal human volunteers.
Reinforcing and subjective effects of caffeine in normal human volunteers.
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咖啡因对正常人类志愿者的强化和主观影响。
DOI：
10.1007/bf00442010
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Johanson,CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stern,KN;Chait,LD;Johanson,CE
在一组18名正常健康成年人中测定了咖啡因（100和300 mg，PO）的强化和主观效应。受试者（8名女性，10名男性）是轻度至中度咖啡因使用者，没有药物滥用史。使用离散试验选择程序，允许受试者在含有安慰剂或咖啡因的颜色编码胶囊的自我给药之间进行选择。使用咖啡因超过安慰剂的次数作为强化功效的主要指标。在服用胶囊之前和之后多次测量主观效应。在42.6%的情况下选择了低剂量的咖啡因，与偶然（50%）没有显著差异。在38.9%的情况下选择了高剂量的咖啡因，明显低于预期的偶然性，这表明该剂量起到了惩罚作用。两种剂量的咖啡因都产生了类似兴奋剂的主观效应，高剂量后主要是令人厌恶的效应，如焦虑增加。当受试者被分为对咖啡因敏感的选择者和非选择者时，咖啡因选择和主观效果之间出现了一致的关系;非选择者报告咖啡因后主要产生了厌恶效应（增加焦虑和烦躁），而选择者报告了兴奋和“积极”情绪效应。与以前的研究结果相比，这些结果表明，咖啡因比安非他明和相关的精神兴奋剂更少加强。
The reinforcing and subjective effects of caffeine (100 and 300 mg, PO) were determined in a group of 18 normal, healthy adults. Subjects (eight females, ten males) were light to moderate users of caffeine, and had no history of drug abuse. A discrete-trial choice procedure was used in which subjects were allowed to choose between the self-administration of color-coded capsules containing either placebo or caffeine. The number of times caffeine was chosen over placebo was used as the primary index of reinforcing efficacy. Subjective effects were measured before and several times after capsule ingestion. The low dose of caffeine was chosen on 42.6% of occasions, not significantly different from chance (50%). The high dose of caffeine was chosen on 38.9% of occasions, significantly less than expected by chance, indicating that this dose served as a punisher. Both doses of caffeine produced stimulant-like subjective effects, with aversive effects such as increased anxiety predominating after the high dose. When subjects were divided into groups of caffeine-sensitive choosers and nonchoosers, a consistent relationship emerged between caffeine choice and subjective effects; nonchoosers reported primarily aversive effects after caffeine (increased anxiety and dysphoria), whereas choosers reported stimulant and “positive” mood effects. When compared with previous findings, these results demonstrate that caffeine is less reinforcing than amphetamine and related psychomotor stimulants.