How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?
How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Yao, Maosheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morawska, Lidia;Tang, Julian W.;Yao, Maosheng
在全球COVID-19疾病和死亡人数迅速上升的情况下，尽管建议采取预防措施，但人们对这种大流行性疾病的传播途径提出了质疑。吸入空气中的小飞沫可能是第三种感染途径，此外，更广泛地认识到通过较大的呼吸道飞沫和直接接触受感染的人或受污染的表面传播。虽然不同传播途径的相对贡献仍存在不确定性，但我们认为，现有证据足以保证针对空气传播的工程控制，作为限制室内感染风险的整体战略的一部分。适当的建筑工程控制包括充分和有效的通风，可能通过颗粒过滤和空气消毒来加强，避免空气再循环和避免过度拥挤。通常，这些措施可以很容易地实施，而且成本不高，但前提是它们被认为对感染控制目标有重要贡献。我们认为，在公共建筑物，包括医院、商店、办公室、学校、幼儿园、图书馆、餐馆、游轮、电梯、会议室或公共交通工具中使用工程控制，（包括隔离检疫、保持社交距离及手部卫生），将是全球减少传播可能性的另一项重要措施，从而保护医护人员、病人和公众。
During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. Appropriate building engineering controls include sufficient and effective ventilation, possibly enhanced by particle filtration and air disinfection, avoiding air recirculation and avoiding overcrowding. Often, such measures can be easily implemented and without much cost, but if only they are recognised as significant in contributing to infection control goals. We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public.