Calcium in health and disease.
Calcium in health and disease.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_4
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carafoli, Ernesto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brini, Marisa;Ottolini, Denis;Carafoli, Ernesto
进化利用了Ca（2+）的化学性质，这有助于其可逆地结合到生物大分子提供的不规则几何形状的位点，以选择其作为细胞信号的载体。许多蛋白质将Ca（2+）结合到特定位点：那些膜固有的蛋白质在细胞内Ca（2+）浓度和运动的时空调节中起着最重要的作用。那些可溶性的，或组织在非膜结构中的，也解码Ca（2+）信息，然后传递到其调节的目标。由于Ca（2+）控制着细胞生命中最重要的过程，因此必须非常小心地控制其在细胞质中的作用，因为大多数Ca（2+）信号功能的靶点都位于细胞质中。膜通道Ca（2+）进入细胞质是由细胞膜和细胞器介导的，ATP酶、交换剂和线粒体Ca（2+）摄取系统将Ca（2+）从细胞质中除去。外部空间中的Ca（2+）浓度基本上由骨系统中的动态交换控制，远高于细胞内，在病理条件下，产生危险的内部Ca（2+）过载的情况。当大量和持续时，Ca（2+）过载在细胞死亡中达到高潮。影响控制Ca（2+）的个体系统的细胞Ca（2+）稳态失调的微妙状况产生细胞疾病表型，所述细胞疾病表型在其中Ca（2+）的信号传导功能具有特别重要性的组织中特别严重，例如，神经系统
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.