How haptic size sensations improve distance perception.
How haptic size sensations improve distance perception.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002080
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Schrater PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Battaglia PW;Kersten D;Schrater PR
确定与物体的距离是日常生活中最普遍的知觉任务之一。然而，这是具有挑战性的，因为来自一张图像的信息混淆了对象的大小和距离。尽管我们的大脑经常准确地判断距离，但大脑使用的基本计算并不是很好地理解。我们的工作通过建立一系列概率模型来阐明这些计算，这些模型包含了关于距离和大小感知的各种不同的假设。我们将这些模型的预测与拦截实验中的一组人类距离判断进行比较，并使用贝叶斯分析工具根据其对实验数据的解释能力和稳健性来定量选择最佳假设。核心问题是：人类的距离感知是否以及如何结合大小线索来提高准确性。我们的结论是：1)人类结合触觉物体的大小感觉来感知距离，2)结合触觉感觉是次优的，因为它们的可靠性，3)人类使用环境中精确的大小和距离先验，4)距离判断是通过知觉的后验抽样产生的。此外，我们将我们模型估计的感觉和运动噪声参数与之前在知觉文献中报道的测量值进行了比较，发现它们之间有很好的一致性。总而言之，这些结果代表着在建立人类距离感知的计算基础和大小信息的作用方面向前迈出了重要的一步。感知到对象的距离可能很困难，因为单目视觉图像受对象的距离和大小的影响，因此仅凭对象的图像大小不能唯一地确定距离。然而，由于物体距离在日常生活中是如此重要，我们的大脑已经开发出各种策略来克服这一困难，并使准确的感知距离估计成为可能。大脑采用的一个关键策略是使用触摸的大小感觉以及关于对象大小的背景信息，以排除不正确的大小/距离组合；我们的工作研究了支持这一策略的大脑计算。我们修改了一个复杂的模型，该模型规定了人类应该如何估计物体距离，以包含一系列关于人类实际上如何估计距离的假设。然后，我们使用距离感知实验的数据来选择哪个修改后的模型最能解释人类的表现。我们的分析揭示了人们如何使用触觉，以及他们如何偏向距离判断，以符合环境中真实的对象统计数据。我们的结果全面描述了人类的距离感知和大小信息的作用，这显著提高了认知科学家对这一基本、重要和普遍存在的行为的理解。
Determining distances to objects is one of the most ubiquitous perceptual tasks in everyday life. Nevertheless, it is challenging because the information from a single image confounds object size and distance. Though our brains frequently judge distances accurately, the underlying computations employed by the brain are not well understood. Our work illuminates these computions by formulating a family of probabilistic models that encompass a variety of distinct hypotheses about distance and size perception. We compare these models' predictions to a set of human distance judgments in an interception experiment and use Bayesian analysis tools to quantitatively select the best hypothesis on the basis of its explanatory power and robustness over experimental data. The central question is: whether, and how, human distance perception incorporates size cues to improve accuracy. Our conclusions are: 1) humans incorporate haptic object size sensations for distance perception, 2) the incorporation of haptic sensations is suboptimal given their reliability, 3) humans use environmentally accurate size and distance priors, 4) distance judgments are produced by perceptual “posterior sampling”. In addition, we compared our model's estimated sensory and motor noise parameters with previously reported measurements in the perceptual literature and found good correspondence between them. Taken together, these results represent a major step forward in establishing the computational underpinnings of human distance perception and the role of size information. Perceiving the distance to an object can be difficult because a monocular visual image is influenced by the object's distance and size, so the object's image size alone cannot uniquely determine the distance. However, because object distance is so important in everyday life, our brains have developed various strategies to overcome this difficulty and enable accurate perceptual distance estimates. A key strategy the brain employs is to use touched size sensations, as well as background information regarding the object's size, to rule out incorrect size/distance combinations; our work studies the brain's computations that underpin this strategy. We modified a sophisticated model that prescribes how humans should estimate object distance to encompass a broad set of hypotheses about how humans do estimate distance in actuality. We then used data from a distance perception experiment to select which modified model best accounts for human performance. Our analysis reveals how people use touch sensations and how they bias their distance judgments to conform with true object statistics in the enviroment. Our results provide a comprehensive account of human distance perception and the role of size information, which significantly improves cognitive scientists' understanding of this fundamental, important, and ubiquitous behavior.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2006.3578
发表时间：
2006-09-07
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Roach NW;Heron J;McGraw PV
通讯作者：
McGraw PV
影响因子：
19.9
作者：
Fiser, Jozsef;Berkes, Pietro;Orban, Gergo;Lengyel, Mate
通讯作者：
Lengyel, Mate
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
KILPATRICK, FP;ITTELSON, WH
通讯作者：
ITTELSON, WH
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Sato, Yoshiyuki;Toyoizumi, Taro;Aihara, Kazuyuki
通讯作者：
Aihara, Kazuyuki
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
EPSTEIN, W;PARK, J;CASEY, A
通讯作者：
CASEY, A