Hexavalent Chromium Exposure and Nasal Tissue Effects at a Commercial Aircraft Refinishing Facility.
Hexavalent Chromium Exposure and Nasal Tissue Effects at a Commercial Aircraft Refinishing Facility.
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商用飞机修补厂的六价铬暴露和鼻组织影响。
DOI：
10.1097/jom.0000000000001510
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Gong,Wei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ceballos,Diana;West,Christine;Methner,Mark;Gong,Wei
致编辑：国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）收到了一份来自一家商用飞机抛光厂的健康危害评估请求，该工厂关注员工在飞机抛光作业期间接触六价铬和铬的情况。管理层特别关注不受控制的六价铬暴露，这与油漆剥离工艺的变化相吻合。管理层报告说，剥离是飞机修补的一个步骤，在油漆之前必须遵守飞机安全航空法规。考虑到环境排放问题以及与使用二氯甲烷相关的不利健康影响，该设施已用一种新的脱渣产品取代了二氯甲烷。然而，管理层报告说，新的脱砂剂不如二氯甲烷有效，并且在脱砂剂应用后需要更多的打磨以去除残留的油漆。这封信总结了评估期间的主要方法和发现，因为它与六价铬和铬评估有关，以及为减少暴露而提出的建议。此外，这封信讨论的结果特别侧重于：(1)用被认为更安全的替代脱屑剂取代二氯甲烷后发现的意想不到的六价铬危害，以及(2)作为医疗监测计划的一部分，对六价铬暴露工人进行评估的职业健康从业人员的临床意义。评估地点：飞机修补设施我们对飞机修补公司运营的一个设施进行了评估，该设施进行了外部翻新（油漆）和一些内部翻新。在这家工厂，喷漆部门包括一个剥离车间，员工用化学方法和磨料去除油漆，以及两个喷漆车间，用于涂底漆、防腐漆和面漆。剥离和喷漆舱采用机械向下通风（从天花板到地板），以稀释和清除空气污染物。在剥离舱中，进行以下过程：剥离（图1），蚀刻（即表面的酸洗），以及应用alodine溶液（一种含铬的涂层，用作缓蚀剂和底漆附着力促进剂）。在喷漆区进行了以下工序：打磨、用溶剂擦拭表面、底漆和喷漆（图2）。根据飞机和所涂油漆的类型，在底漆上涂上一层保护性的透明涂层。在我们进行评估时，有40名员工在飞机修补厂工作。
To the Editor: T he National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a health hazard evaluation request from a commercial aircraft refinishing facility concerned about employee exposure to hexavalent chromium and chromium during aircraft refinishing operations. 1 Management was particularly concerned with uncontrolled hexavalent chromium exposures, which coincided with changes in the paint stripping process. Management reported that stripping was a step in aircraft refinishing necessary before painting to comply with aircraft safety aviation regulations. The facility had replaced methylene chloride with a new stripper product, due to environmental emission concerns and adverse health effects associated with the use of methylene chloride. However, management reported that the new stripper was less effective than methylene chloride, and required more sanding after the stripper was applied to remove any residual paint. This letter summarizes the key methods and findings during this evaluation as it pertains to the hexavalent chromium and chromium assessment, as well as recommendations made to reduce exposure. Furthermore, this letter discusses results with a particular focus on:(1) the unanticipated hexavalent chromium hazards found after replacing methylene chloride with an alternative stripper that was considered to be safer, and (2) clinical implications for occupational health practitioners who evaluate workers with hexavalent chromium exposure as part of a medical surveillance program.EVALUATION SITE: AIRCRAFT REFINISHING FACILITY We evaluated one of the facilities operated by the aircraft refinishing company that performed exterior refurbishment (painting) and some interior refurbishment. At this facility, the painting department consisted of a stripping bay where employees chemically and abrasively removed paint, and two painting bays that applied primer, anti-corrosive, and finish coatings. The stripping and painting bays had mechanical downdraft (ceiling to floor) general ventilation to dilute and remove air contaminants. In the stripping bay, the following processes were performed: stripping (Fig. 1), and etching (ie, acid cleaning of the surface), and application of alodine solution (a chromate-containing coating used as a corrosion inhibitor and primer adhesion promoter). In the painting bays the following processes were performed: sanding, wiping down surfaces with a solvent, priming, and painting (Fig. 2). Depending on the aircraft and the type of paint applied, a protective clear coat was applied over the base coat. Forty employees worked at the aircraft refinishing facility at the time of our evaluation.