Impact reconstruction from damage to pedal and motorcycle helmets
Impact reconstruction from damage to pedal and motorcycle helmets
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DOI：
10.1177/1754337111435294
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Patton, Declan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McIntosh, Andrew S.;Patton, Declan A.
脚踏板和摩托车头盔为佩戴者的头部提供了高度的保护。有必要审查和评估头盔提供的性能，以便优化头盔设计和测试标准。这一过程的一项投入是崩溃重建。可以收集和检查戴头盔的撞车案例，从而深入了解撞击严重程度、头盔性能和受伤结果。然而，尚不清楚头盔残留损伤在多大程度上反映了撞击特征。本文采用实验室受控冲击试验方法，对两个脚踏车模型和三个摩托车头盔模型分别在1m、2m和2.5m的冲击能量衰减试验中，对两个脚踏车模型和三个摩托车头盔模型进行了冲击能量衰减试验，测量了头形加速度、冲击力和冲击后变形。通过三种方法测量动态变形：视频、动能和使用冲击力和衬板屈服应力的解析法。这五个模型在冲击能量衰减和跨冲击强度的径向冲击加速管理方面都提供了高度可重复的性能。结果表明，澳大利亚标准认证头盔在冲击中对头部提供的冲击保护大大超过了该标准对冲击能量衰减性能的要求。脚踏式自行车头盔的残余变形和动态变形测量与下降高度和头形加速度相关。结果表明，碰撞采集到的脚踏式自行车头盔的残余变形可以用来估计碰撞的严重程度，并在同一模型头盔上进行了样本碰撞试验后，可以估计头部的碰撞加速度。然而，三个摩托车头盔上测量的残余变形与坠落高度不相关，这表明在本研究的范围内，根据摩托车头盔损坏来估计碰撞严重程度是不可靠的。
Pedal and motorcycle helmets offer a high level of protection to the wearer's head. There is a need to review and assess the performance offered by helmets, so that helmet design and test standards can be optimized. One input into this process is crash reconstruction. Helmeted crash cases can be collected and examined, leading to insights into impact severity, helmet performance and injury outcomes. However, it is unclear to what extent residual helmet damage reflects the impact characteristics. This paper addresses this issue using controlled laboratory impact tests.Two pedal cycle and three motorcycle helmet models were tested with an 'M' size headform in impact energy attenuation tests from 1 m, 2 m and 2.5 m. Headform acceleration, impact force and post-impact deformation were measured. The dynamic deformations were measured with three methods: video, kinetic energy and an analytical approach using impact force and liner yield stress.All five models offered highly repeatable performance in terms of impact energy attenuation and acceleration management in radial impacts across the impact severities. The results showed that the Standards Australia certified helmets provided impact protection to the head in impacts that greatly exceeded the impact energy attenuation performance requirements of those standards.The residual and dynamic deformation measurements were correlated with drop height and headform acceleration for pedal cycle helmets. The results indicate that the residual deformation observed in a pedal cycle helmet collected from a crash can be used to estimate the impact severity and, after undertaking exemplar impact tests on the same model helmet, the head impact acceleration. However, the residual deformation measured on the three motorcycle helmets was not correlated with the drop height, which indicated that, within the limits of this study, estimating crash severity from motorcycle helmet damage is not reliable.