Stratosphere‐Troposphere Coupling of Extreme Stratospheric Wave Activity in CMIP6 Models
Stratosphere‐Troposphere Coupling of Extreme Stratospheric Wave Activity in CMIP6 Models
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平流层 — CMIP6 模型中极端平流层波活动的对流层耦合
DOI：
10.1029/2023jd038811
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ma, Weiming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Xiuyuan;Chen, Gang;Ma, Weiming
极端平流层波活动被认为与地表温度异常有关，但一些关键过程还没有得到很好的理解。使用观测结果，我们表明，平流层事件具有弱于正常的波活动与事件发生前和事件发生附近的北美（NA）寒冷极端风险增加有关，伴随着美国西海岸的大气河流（AR）事件不太频繁。另一方面，强平流层波事件表现出对流层天气制度的转变。它们之前是北大西洋暖异常和西海岸AR频率增加，随后是北大西洋极端寒冷和北移AR的风险增加。此外，平流层和对流层之间的这些联系归因于波耦合的垂直结构。弱波事件随高度增加呈现西倾的波动结构，而强波事件在其生命周期中呈现由西倾向东倾的变化特征。这种波的相移表明垂直波耦合和可能的区域行星波反射。对CMIP6模式的进一步研究表明，平流层波结构退化的模型在强波事件期间在对流层中表现出偏差。具体来说，平流层脊弱于再分析的模式表现出较弱的对流层信号。我们的研究结果表明，极端平流层波活动的垂直耦合应该在平流层-对流层耦合的模式表示中进行评估。
Extreme stratospheric wave activity has been suggested to be connected to surface temperature anomalies, but some key processes are not well understood. Using observations, we show that the stratospheric events featuring weaker‐than‐normal wave activity are associated with increased North American (NA) cold extreme risks before and near the event onset, accompanied by less frequent atmospheric river (AR) events on the west coast of the United States. Strong stratospheric wave events, on the other hand, exhibit a tropospheric weather regime transition. They are preceded by NA warm anomalies and increased AR frequency over the west coast, followed by increased risks of NA cold extremes and north‐shifted ARs over the Atlantic. Moreover, these links between the stratosphere and troposphere are attributed to the vertical structure of wave coupling. Weak wave events show a wave structure of westward tilt with increasing altitudes, while strong wave events feature a shift from westward tilt to eastward tilt during their life cycle. This wave phase shift indicates vertical wave coupling and likely regional planetary wave reflection. Further examinations of CMIP6 models show that models with a degraded representation of stratospheric wave structure exhibit biases in the troposphere during strong wave events. Specifically, models with a stratospheric ridge weaker than the reanalysis exhibit a weaker tropospheric signal. Our findings suggest that the vertical coupling of extreme stratospheric wave activity should be evaluated in the model representation of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling.
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